Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29983986›Full record

ReviewPharmacology research & perspectives2018

Drug conjugates-an emerging approach to treat breast cancer.

Mahmud Hasan, Rehana K Leak, Robert E Stratford, Darius P Zlotos, Paula A Witt-Enderby

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Pharmacology research & perspectives, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Recent Advances in the Linkers of Drug Conjugates.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Drug conjugates-an emerging approach to treat breast cancer.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2018
    Review
  16. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Mahmud HasanDivision of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences Duquesne University Pittsburgh PA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0192-6166
Rehana K LeakDivision of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences Duquesne University Pittsburgh PA USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2817-7417
Robert E StratfordIndiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9735-0220
Darius P ZlotosDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry The German University in Cairo New Cairo City Cairo Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-1193-3119
Paula A Witt-EnderbyDivision of Pharmaceutical, Administrative, and Social Sciences Duquesne University Pittsburgh PA USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1844-4457
Duquesne University · USGerman University in Cairo · EGIndiana University School of Medicine

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breast cancer treatment using a single drug is associated with a high failure rate due, in part, to the heterogeneity of drug response within individuals, nonspecific target action, drug toxicity, and/or development of resistance. Use of dual-drug therapies, including drug conjugates, may help overcome some of these roadblocks by more selective targeting of the cancer cell and by acting at multiple drug targets rather than one. Drug-conjugate approaches include linking drugs to antibodies (antibody-drug conjugates), radionuclides (radioimmunoconjugates), nanoparticles (nanoparticle-drug conjugates), or to other drugs (drug-drug conjugates). Although all of these conjugates might be designed as effective treatments against breast cancer, the focus of this review will be on drug-drug conjugates because of the increase in versatility of these types of drugs with respect to mode of action at the level of the cancer cell either by creating a novel pharmacophore or by increasing the potency and/or efficacy of the drugs' effects at their respective molecular targets. The development, synthesis, and pharmacological characteristics of drug-drug conjugates will be discussed in the context of breast cancer with the hope of enhancing drug efficacy and reducing toxicities to improve patient quality of life.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBreast NeoplasmsDrug CombinationsDrug Therapy, CombinationHumansAntineoplastic AgentsDrug Combinationsbreast cancerdrug conjugateshybrid ligandsnanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID29983986
PMCPMC6032357
OpenAlexW2825082106

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.