SynthesisBMJ open2018
A systematic review of barriers and enablers to South Asian women's attendance for asymptomatic screening of breast and cervical cancers in emigrant countries.
Synthesis in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Cancer screening uptake among refugees in high and middle-income countries: a systematic review.Preventive medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Factors influencing breast cancer screening practices among women worldwide: a systematic review of observational and qualitative studies.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- Barriers to cervical cancer screening in Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2024Pooled it
- Barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening uptake among Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic women in the United Kingdom: evidence from a mixed-methods systematic review.BMC health services research · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of invitation letter in language of origin on screening attendance: randomised controlled trial in BreastScreen Norway.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Trial
- Healthcare Providers' Strategies to Improve Breast Cancer Screening Among South Asian Women in Victoria.Health promotion journal of Australia : official journal of Australian Association of Health Promotion Professionals · 2026Article
- Co-Production of A Culturally Tailored Sarcopenia Screening Programme for Older Adults in Luton, UK: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study Protocol.Journal of frailty, sarcopenia and falls · 2026Article
- "Don't be a hero, don't keep it a secret": understanding the lived experience of Chinese American patients with cancer through their expressive writing entries.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Effect of reminder phone calls in the language of origin on colorectal cancer screening participation among immigrants in Norway: a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators of breast cancer screening services amongst black African women in high income countries: a systematic review and meta-aggregation.Discover public health · 2026Review
- Bridging the gap: the need for community-engaged research on blood cancer self-management experiences among South Asians.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- Barriers and limitations for undergoing mammography screenings among Kuwaiti women (aged 40-69) attending primary health care centers.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Barriers to Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screenings Faced by Refugees Resettled in the United States: A Rapid Review.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2025Review
- Breast cancer beliefs and screening behaviors among South Asian immigrant women living in the United States.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Behind the Screen: An Exploratory Study of Factors Influencing Breast Screening Uptake in Lancashire (UK).Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- Perceptions of cervical screening uptake amongst South Asian women in Ontario, Canada: a concept mapping study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Breast cancer screening coverage is severely reduced among women who reside in segregated areas: a cross-sectional investigation in Hungary.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Addressing Underscreening for Cervical Cancer among South Asian Women: Using Concept Mapping to Compare Service Provider and Service User Perspectives of Cervical Screening in Ontario, Canada.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this review was to identify the cultural, social, structural and behavioural factors that influence asymptomatic breast and cervical cancer screening attendance in South Asian populations, in order to improve uptake and propose priorities for further research.
designA systematic review of the literature for inductive, comparative, prospective and intervention studies. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE/In-Process, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, CDSR, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES from database inception to 23 January 2018. The review included studies on the cultural, social, structural and behavioural factors that influence asymptomatic breast and cervical cancer screening attendance and cervical smear testing (Papanicolaou test) in South Asian populations and those published in the English language. The framework analysis method was used and themes were drawn out following the thematic analysis method. SETTINGS: Asymptomatic breast or cervical screening.
participantsSouth Asian women, including Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bhutanese, Maldivian and Nepali populations.
results51 included studies were published between 1991 and 2018. Sample sizes ranged from 25 to 38 733 and participants had a mean age of 18 to 83 years. Our review showed that South Asian women generally had lower screening rates than host country women. South Asian women had poorer knowledge of cancer and cancer prevention and experienced more barriers to screening. Cultural practices and assumptions influenced understandings of cancer and prevention, emphasising the importance of host country cultures and healthcare systems.
conclusionsHigh-quality research on screening attendance is required using prospective designs, where objectively validated attendance is predicted from cultural understandings, beliefs, norms and practices, thus informing policy on targeting relevant public health messages to the South Asian communities about screening for cancer. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CSD 42015025284.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.