ArticleBMC research notes2018
Shisha microbiota: the good, the bad and the not so ugly.
Article in BMC research notes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluating the Impact of Little Cigar Use on the Oral Bacterial Microbiota of Cigarette Smokers.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Viable, Multi-Drug-Resistant Bacteria Recovered from E-Liquids Used with Commercial Electronic Cigarettes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Effect of different forms of tobacco on the oral microbiome in healthy adults: a systematic review.Frontiers in oral health · 2024Review
- Conventional tobacco products harbor unique and heterogenous microbiomes.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Impact of waterpipe smoking on the salivary microbiome.Frontiers in oral health · 2023Article
- Bacterial communities of hookah tobacco products are diverse and differ across brands and flavors.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Supragingival microbiome alternations as a consequence of smoking different tobacco types and its relation to dental caries.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- A roadmap from unknowns to knowns: Advancing our understanding of the microbiomes of commercially available tobacco products.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Mumps virus outbreak related to a water pipe (narghile) shared smoking.Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica (English ed.) · 2020Article
- Water and sediment microbiota diversity in response to temporal variation at the outlet of the Ibrahim River (Lebanon).Environmental monitoring and assessment · 2020Article
- A child with refractory orbital cellulitis after water pipe smoking.Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveOver the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion of the trendy water pipe smoking around the world especially among younger adults. The initial objective of this study was to identify the microbiota of the shisha, which may either be of no harm for the smoker or enhance the threat on his well-being. The total DNA for the metagenomics study was conducted on three different shishas from three different delivery shops in Jounieh, Lebanon. The microbiota in two solid parts of the shisha, shaft and hose, were analysed including the fresh tobacco and the water in the bowl. All samples were analysed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons.
resultsOverall, more than 40 bacterial genera were found in the three investigated shishas, some are commensal others are pathogenic. All three shishas showed similar microbial content regarding the bacteria inhabiting in water, shaft, or hose. From the results of this study it appears that a very large quantity of bacteria was found in the water pipes, some are harmful and others beneficial. We assume that the presence of gut dependent microbiota is related to the loose hygienic conditions in which the shisha is prepared.
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