ArticlePloS one2018
Mooney face stimuli for visual perception research.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04191811 (Moment-to-moment Neural Variability as a Predictor of Treatment Outcome in Patients With Common Psychiatric Disorders), which is not on this map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Moment-to-moment Neural Variability as a Predictor of Treatment Outcome in Patients With Common Psychiatric Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder, Insomnia and Social Anxiety Disorder
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Face pareidolia is enhanced by 40 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) of the face perception network.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- MooneyMaker: A Python package to create ambiguous two-tone images.Journal of vision · 2026Article
- The working memory advantage for meaningful stimuli persists under high levels of proactive interference.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Testing the own-age bias in face recognition among younger and older adults via the face inversion effect.Perception · 2026Article
- Aesthetic Anhedonia and Psychotic Hyper-Meaning: Dysregulated Symbolic Closure Dynamics.Integrative psychological & behavioral science · 2026Article
- Transcranial direct current stimulation eliminates the own-age bias as indexed by the face inversion effect for own- versus other-age faces.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Revealing the Concealed in Monocular and Binocular Vision.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Increased face perception in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: mechanisms, sex differences, and clinical correlates.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Facial ambiguity and perception: How face-likeness affects breaking time in continuous flash suppression.Journal of vision · 2024Article
- Toward a theory of perspective perception in pictures.Journal of vision · 2024Review
- Article
- Individual differences in classification images of Mooney faces.Journal of vision · 2022Article
- Relative tuning of holistic face processing towards the fovea.Vision research · 2022Article
- Global and high-level effects in crowding cannot be predicted by either high-dimensional pooling or target cueing.Journal of vision · 2021Article
- Increased face detection responses on the mooney faces test in people at clinical high risk for psychosis.NPJ schizophrenia · 2021Article
- Holistic ensemble perception.Attention, perception & psychophysics · 2021Article
- Ocular fixations and presaccadic potentials to explain pareidolias in Parkinson's disease.Brain communications · 2020Article
- Neural and Behavioral Evidence for Frequency-Selective Context Effects in Rhythm Processing in Humans.Cerebral cortex communications · 2020Article
- Stimulus-Specific Individual Differences in Holistic Perception of Mooney Faces.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- The Role of Meaning in Visual Memory: Face-Selective Brain Activity Predicts Memory for Ambiguous Face Stimuli.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In 1957, Craig Mooney published a set of human face stimuli to study perceptual closure: the formation of a coherent percept on the basis of minimal visual information. Images of this type, now known as "Mooney faces", are widely used in cognitive psychology and neuroscience because they offer a means of inducing variable perception with constant visuo-spatial characteristics (they are often not perceived as faces if viewed upside down). Mooney's original set of 40 stimuli has been employed in several studies. However, it is often necessary to use a much larger stimulus set. We created a new set of over 500 Mooney faces and tested them on a cohort of human observers. We present the results of our tests here, and make the stimuli freely available via the internet. Our test results can be used to select subsets of the stimuli that are most suited for a given experimental purpose.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.