ArticleInternational journal of cancer2019
Fruit and vegetable consumption and breast cancer incidence: Repeated measures over 30 years of follow-up.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary intake of tomato and lycopene, blood levels of lycopene, and risk of total and specific cancers in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of studies examining associations between resonance Raman spectroscopy-assessed skin carotenoids and plasma carotenoids among adults and children.Nutrition reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Fruit and vegetable consumption and incident breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.British journal of cancer · 2021Pooled it
- Intake of Various Food Groups and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021Pooled it
- Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Mortality: Results From 2 Prospective Cohort Studies of US Men and Women and a Meta-Analysis of 26 Cohort Studies.Circulation · 2021Pooled it
- Dried Fruit Intake and Cancer: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2020Pooled it
- The association between plant-based dietary patterns and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Sulforaphane Bioavailability and Chemopreventive Activity in Men Presenting for Biopsy of the Prostate Gland: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrition and cancer · 2020Trial
- Planetary Health Diet Index and breast cancer risk.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Fast-Food Component-Induced Epigenetic Modifications Modulate Immunotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Sugar sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages, fruit and vegetable juices and cancer risk: a World Cancer Research Fund International Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- A recipe for a disaster: food, climate change, and cancer.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2025Review
- Cruciferous Vegetables, Bioactive Metabolites, and Microbiome for Breast Cancer Prevention.Annual review of nutrition · 2025Review
- Human health risks of PAHs in soil and vegetables from Tiga, Kano State, Nigeria.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
- Latent Class Analysis of Cancer Risk Behaviors Among College Students on Guam: A Pacific Islands Cohort of College Students Study (PICCS).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Proinflammatory dietary pattern and risk of total and subtypes of breast cancer among US women.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Characterization of Ultrasound-ExtractedFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Zero vegetable or fruit consumption and its associated factors among children aged 6 to 23 months in Kenya: a multilevel analysis of a large population-based survey.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Fiber-type prebiotics and gynecological and breast cancers risk: the PrebiotiCa study.American journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Association between dietary factors and breast cancer risk: a matched case-control study in Vietnam.BMC cancer · 2024Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We evaluated the relation of fruit and vegetable consumption, including specific fruits and vegetables, with incident breast cancer characterized by menopausal status, hormone receptor status and molecular subtypes. Fruit and vegetable consumption, cumulatively averaged across repeated, validated questionnaires, was examined in relation to risk of invasive breast cancer among 182,145 women initially aged 27-59 years in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1980-2012) and NHSII (1991-2013). Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for known risk factors, was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assessed tumors by hormone receptor status and molecular subtypes. We prospectively documented 10,911 invasive breast cancer cases. Greater intake of total fruits and vegetables, especially cruciferous and yellow/orange vegetables, was associated with significantly lower breast cancer risk (>5.5 vs. ≤2.5 servings/day HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.83-0.96; p
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.