Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29976196›Full record

SynthesisWorld journal of surgical oncology2018

Cancer prevalence in Pakistan: meta-analysis of various published studies to determine variation in cancer figures resulting from marked population heterogeneity in different parts of the country.

Romana Idrees, Saira Fatima, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Ahmad Raheem, Zubair Ahmad

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
In one paragraph

Synthesis in World journal of surgical oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
41citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

41 citing papers in PubMed.

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  7. Factors Influencing Breast Cancer Knowledge and Attitudes of Women in Abbottabad, Pakistan.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Romana IdreesAga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan.
Saira FatimaAga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan.
Jamshid Abdul-GhafarAga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan. jamshid.jalal@fmic.org.af.
Ahmad RaheemAga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan.
Zubair AhmadAga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPakistan's population is ethnically diverse with distinct ethnic groups inhabiting various parts of the country. Cancer statistics obtained from specific regions populated by distinct ethnic groups may vary considerably. There is no national cancer registry. To determine whether there are indeed significant statistical differences in cancer incidence and prevalence, data was recorded from different parts of Pakistan based on the ethnic composition of the population in those parts.

methodsTen papers (original articles) on cancer incidence and prevalence in Pakistan published in the last two decades were selected from PubMed and Google Scholar. Meta-analysis of findings of these studies was performed using Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) checklist. χ

resultsAll five types of cancer selected for meta-analysis (performed on studies carrying similar statistical weights) showed extremely high heterogeneity with I

conclusionsOur findings show that the prevalence rates of different cancer types demonstrate marked variation in different studies depending on the place of origin of the study and dominant ethnic group in that region, and these variations are highly statistically significant. A national cancer registry needs to be established as soon as possible.

Indexed as

NeoplasmsFemaleHumansIncidenceMalePakistanPrevalencePrognosisRegistriesBreast cancerCancer incidenceCancer prevalenceCancer registryColorectal cancerGastric cancerOral cancerPakistanPopulation heterogeneityProstate cancer

Identifiers

PMID29976196
PMCPMC6034324

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.