Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29974142›Full record

ArticleNeuroradiology2018

Normal development of sacrococcygeal centrum ossification centers in the fetal spine: a postmortem magnetic resonance imaging study.

Nan Jian, Mi-Mi Tian, Lian-Xiang Xiao, Hui Zhao, Yan Shi, Guan Li, Shuai Zhang, Xiang-Tao Lin

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neuroradiology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Nan JianShandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
Mi-Mi TianShandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
Lian-Xiang XiaoShandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
Hui ZhaoDepartment of Imaging, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, No. 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
Yan ShiShandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
Guan LiCollege of Radiology, Taishan Medical University, NO.619 Great Wall Road, Taian, 271016, Shandong, China.
Shuai ZhangShandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
Xiang-Tao LinShandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, No. 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. linxt@sdu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-2836

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 31371213Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province ZR2013HM091
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo describe the temporal pattern of the appearance of the S1-Co1 centrum ossification centers (COCs) and provide reference data for the S1-S5 COCs and sacral length at various gestational ages (GAs).

methodsPostmortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on 71 fetuses (GA, 17-42 weeks) using the 3D dual-echo steady-state with water excitation T2 sequence in the sagittal plane. To confirm the reliability of this sequence, the MRI data were compared with the CT and histologic data obtained from two fetuses (GAs, 21 and 30 weeks). The presence or absence of each sacrococcygeal COC was recorded. Sacral length and S1-S5 COC height, sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, cross-sectional area, and volume were measured.

resultsAll fetuses showed S1-S3 COCs by 17 weeks, S4 COCs by 19 weeks, and S5 COCs by 28 weeks. The S4, S5, and Co-1 COCs were visualized in 70 (98.59%), 51 (71.83%), and 21 (29.58%) fetuses, respectively. Sacral length, height, sagittal, and transverse diameters increased linearly, while cross-sectional area and volume increased exponentially with advancing GA. Mean growth rates of the sagittal and transverse diameters, cross-sectional area, and volume, but not of height, significantly differed among the S1-S5 vertebrae.

conclusionWe have presented the timing of appearance of individual sacrococcygeal COCs and the age-specific, normative MRI reference values for sacral length and the morphometric parameters of the sacral COCs, which are of clinical importance in the diagnosis of congenital sacral abnormalities and skeletal dysplasia.

Indexed as

Fetal DevelopmentOsteogenesisFetal DeathHumansImaging, Three-DimensionalMagnetic Resonance ImagingReference ValuesReproducibility of ResultsSacrococcygeal RegionTomography, X-Ray ComputedFetal spineMixed-effects modelOssification centerSacrococcygeal vertebraeThree-dimensional dual-echo steady-state with water excitation T2 sequence

Identifiers

PMID29974142

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.