ArticleFrontiers in immunology2018
Progesterone Modulation of Pregnancy-Related Immune Responses.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Pregnancy and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Interferon Gamma Response Assays in Women With HIV.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Human labour is associated with altered regulatory T cell function and maternal immune activation.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Deficiency in circulating T cells in four core genotypes mice with Sry translocation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Article
- Progesterone in recurrent pregnancy loss: from controversial efficacy to mechanism-based patient stratification.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immune modulation by sex hormones: unveiling the complex interplay and regulatory networks.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Molecular Regulatory Mechanisms of Mammary Gland Development: A Review.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Endometrial Steroid Receptor Dysregulation and Its Association with Vitamin D, AMH, and Inflammation in Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Case-Control Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2025Article
- Harnessing 2D and 3D human endometrial cell culture models to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection in early pregnancy.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Article
- CD8+ and CD8- NK Cells and Immune Checkpoint Networks in Peripheral Blood During Healthy Pregnancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Preexisting vaccine-primed heterosubtypic T cell immunity protects the maternal-fetal unit from adverse influenza outcomes in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- The Interaction of Vasopressin with Hormones of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: The Significance for Therapeutic Strategies in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Dysregulated proteasome activity and steroid hormone biosynthesis are associated with mortality among patients with acute COVID-19.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Antimicrobial stewardship and targeted therapies in the changing landscape of maternal sepsis.Journal of intensive medicine · 2024Review
- Regulatory T cells are paramount effectors in progesterone regulation of embryo implantation and fetal growth.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Progress on the Role of Estrogen and Progesterone Signaling in Mouse Embryo Implantation and Decidualization.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Review
- Association between the ELAVL1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and the Genetic Susceptibility to cervical cancer by high resolution melting in a Tunisian population.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- Maternal Immune Activation Hypotheses for Human Neurodevelopment: Some Outstanding Questions.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2022Review
- Progesterone and Inflammatory Response in the Oviduct during Physiological and Pathological Conditions.Cells · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) is an important steroid hormone for the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy and its functional withdrawal in reproductive tissue is linked with the onset of parturition. However, the effects of P4 on adaptive immune responses are poorly understood. In this study, we took a novel approach by comparing the effects of P4 supplementation longitudinally, with treatment using a P4 antagonist mifepristone (RU486) in mid-trimester pregnancies. Thus, we were able to demonstrate the immune-modulatory functions of P4. We show that, in pregnancy, the immune system is increasingly activated (CD38, CCR6) with greater antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell responses (granzyme B). Simultaneously, pregnancy promotes a tolerant immune environment (IL-10 and regulatory-T cells) that gradually reverses prior to the onset of labor. P4 suppresses and RU486 enhances antigen-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell inflammatory cytokine (IFN-γ) and cytotoxic molecule release (granzyme B). P4 and RU486 effectively modulate immune cell-mediated interactions, by regulating differentiated memory T cell subset sensitivity to antigen stimulation. Our results indicate that P4 and RU486, as immune modulators, share a reciprocal relationship. These data unveil key contributions of P4 to the modulation of the maternal immune system and suggests targets for future modulation of maternal immune function during pregnancy.
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