ArticleScientific reports2018
The functional and inflammatory response of brain endothelial cells to Toll-Like Receptor agonists.
Article in Scientific reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Kinin BPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Innate immune sensors and regulators at the blood brain barrier: focus on toll-like receptors and inflammasomes as mediators of neuro-immune crosstalk and inflammation.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Impedance mapping with high-density microelectrode array chips reveals dynamic heterogeneity of in vitro epithelial barriers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Partial depletion of circulating neutrophil granulocytes in mice exacerbates the inflammatory response and hypothermia during LPS induced severe systemic inflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Profiling X chromosome genes expression relevant to sex dimorphism in stroke: insights from transcriptomics landscape analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2025Article
- Association between fibrosis-4 index and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with hypertension: A cross-sectional study.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2024Article
- Something to talk about; crosstalk disruption at the neurovascular unit during HIV infection of the CNS.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2024Article
- From Immunity to Neurogenesis: Toll-like Receptors as Versatile Regulators in the Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Effects of bacterial and viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) on multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters in brain endothelial cells of the developing human blood-brain barrier.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2023Article
- Opioid Use, Gut Dysbiosis, Inflammation, and the Nervous System.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2022Review
- MicroRNA 573 Rescues Endothelial Dysfunction during Dengue Virus Infection under PPARγ Regulation.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Viral mimetic triggers cerebral arteriopathy in juvenile brain via neutrophil elastase and NETosis.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2021Article
- SARS-CoV-2: is there neuroinvasion?Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2021Review
- Article
- What HIV in the Brain Can Teach Us About SARS-CoV-2 Neurological Complications?AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2021Review
- NS5 Sumoylation Directs Nuclear Responses That Permit Zika Virus To Persistently Infect Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Effect of Inflammation on Female Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons: Mechanisms and Consequences.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Differential Thermoregulatory and Inflammatory Patterns in the Circadian Response to LPS-Induced Septic Shock.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- The Role of Toll-Like Receptors in Oncotherapy.Oncology research · 2019Review
- Evidence for Sexual Dimorphism in the Response to TLR3 Activation in the Developing Neonatal Mouse Brain: A Pilot Study.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-Like receptors (TLRs) represent an important early warning mechanism for the immune system to detect infection or tissue damage. The focus of this research was to determine the neuroinflammatory responses to commercial TLR ligands and their effects on brain endothelial barrier strength. Using biosensor technology we screened TLR ligands to all human TLRs and found that the brain endothelial hCMVECs cell line only responded to Poly(I:C) (TLR3-ligand), LPS (TLR4-ligand) and Imiquimod (TLR7 ligand). Both Poly(I:C) and LPS induced pronounced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion as expected, whereas Imiquimod did not induce secretion of any pro-inflammatory cytokines. Using ECIS technology to measure endothelial barrier function, LPS and Poly(I:C) both acutely reduced barrier-strength, whereas Imiquimod caused immediate and sustained strengthening of the barrier. Further cytokine and ECIS studies showed that Imiquimod could abrogate some of the pro-inflammatory responses to Poly(I:C) and LPS. Most surprisingly, PCR revealed that the hCMVECs lacked TLR7 but expressed both TLR3 and TLR4 and did not respond to other structurally different TLR7 ligands. These data demonstrate that brain endothelial cells can be regulated by TLR 3 and TLR4 ligands in a pro-inflammatory manner and have receptors to Imiquimod, distinct to the classical TLR7, that function in an anti-inflammatory manner.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.