ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2018
Workforce Configurations to Provide High-Quality, Comprehensive Primary Care: a Mixed-Method Exploration of Staffing for Four Types of Primary Care Practices.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Analysis of Variation in Organizational Definitions of Primary Care Panels: A Systematic Review.JAMA network open · 2022Pooled it
- Wellbeing at work among GPs working in multidisciplinary primary care teams: a cross-sectional study.BJGP open · 2026Article
- Health workforce planning methods in rural and remote primary care: a scoping review.Human resources for health · 2026Article
- Functions of Interdisciplinary Primary Care Teams That Support Pregnant People With Substance Use Disorders.Annals of family medicine · 2025Observational
- Expanding Patient-Centered Medical Home Teams in Primary Care: Qualitative Evaluation of Implementation Experiences from a Multi-site Pilot Within the VA Healthcare System.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Comprehensiveness in Primary Care: A Scoping Review.The Milbank quarterly · 2025Article
- Integrating community health workers in early childhood well-child care: a statement from the Pediatric Academic Societies Maternal Child Health: First 1,000 days Special Interest Group.BMC primary care · 2024Review
- Relational Coordination at the Primary-Secondary Care Interface: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Survey in the South Tyrolean Healthcare System.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Effects of individual and organizational factors on job tenure of primary care physicians: A multilevel analysis from Brazil.PloS one · 2023Observational
- Health care provider time in public primary care facilities in Lima, Peru: a cross-sectional time motion study.BMC health services research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBroad consensus exists about the value and principles of primary care; however, little is known about the workforce configurations required to deliver it.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the team configurations and associated costs required to deliver high-quality, comprehensive primary care.
methodsWe used a mixed-method and consensus-building process to develop staffing models based on data from 73 exemplary practices, findings from 8 site visits, and input from an expert panel. We first defined high-quality, comprehensive primary care and explicated the specific functions needed to deliver it. We translated the functions into full-time-equivalent staffing requirements for a practice serving a panel of 10,000 adults and then revised the models to reflect the divergent needs of practices serving older adults, patients with higher social needs, and a rural community. Finally, we estimated the labor and overhead costs associated with each model.
resultsA primary care practice needs a mix of 37 team members, including 8 primary care providers (PCPs), at a cost of $45 per patient per month (PPPM), to provide comprehensive primary care to a panel of 10,000 actively managed adults. A practice requires a team of 52 staff (including 12 PCPs) at $64 PPPM to care for a panel of 10,000 adults with a high proportion of older patients, and 50 staff (with 10 PCPs) at $56 PPPM for a panel of 10,000 with high social needs. In rural areas, a practice needs 22 team members (with 4 PCPs) at $46 PPPM to serve a panel of 5000 adults.
conclusionsOur estimates provide health care decision-makers with needed guideposts for considering primary care staffing and financing and inform broader discussions on primary care innovations and the necessary resources to provide high-quality, comprehensive primary care in the USA.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.