Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29971495›Full record

ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2018

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia: clinical features, incidence, and risk factors.

Tai N Tran, Trang N N Vo, Karen Frei, Daniel D Truong

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
82citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
8.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

82 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Association of COMT rs4680 and MAO-B rs1799836 polymorphisms with levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease-a meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021
    Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Trial
  7. Trial
  8. Review
  9. Natural Frequencies of Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia is associated with worse gait and balance in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Functional ballistic movements.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Article
  17. Differentiating between the impact of sex and gender in Parkinson's disease: utilising these to advance current understanding and care practices.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Tai N TranNeurology Department, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Trang N N VoNeurology Department, International Neurosurgery Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Karen FreiLoma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
Daniel D TruongThe Truong Neuroscience Institute, Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA, 92708, USA. dtruong@pmdi.org.
Loma Linda University · USOrange Coast Memorial Medical Center · USUniversity Medical Center HCMC · VN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Symptoms of Parkinson's disease have been controlled with levodopa for many years; however, motor complications consisting of wearing off of medication effect and dyskinesias tend to occur within a few years of starting levodopa. Motor complications can begin a few months after taking levodopa, with the average time to onset estimated to be 6.5 years. Dyskinesias can be troublesome and require intervention. Levodopa-induced dyskinesia can be composed of a variety of movement disorders including chorea, dystonia, ballism, myoclonus, and akathisia. Based on the clinical pattern, the most common dyskinesia is chorea and choreoathetosis. The clinical manifestations can be divided into three main categories based on their clinical movement patterns and the temporal correlation between the occurrence of dyskinesia and the levodopa dosing: on or peak-dose dyskinesias, biphasic dyskinesias, and Off dyskinesias. Severe cases of dyskinesia have been reported, with the extreme being dyskinesia-hyperpyrexia syndrome. The prevalence of LID has been reported in many studies, but the reported incidence varies. The rate of LID development is from 3 to 94%. The prevalence of LID mainly depends on age at onset, disease duration, and severity, and duration of levodopa therapy. Some of the risk factors for the development of dyskinesia are modifiable. Modifiable risk factors include levodopa dose and body weight. Non-modifiable risk factors include age, gender, duration of disease, clinical subtype, disease progression, disease severity, and genetic factors.

Indexed as

Antiparkinson AgentsDyskinesia, Drug-InducedHumansIncidenceLevodopaParkinson DiseaseRisk FactorsAntiparkinson AgentsLevodopaAdverse effects of levodopaDyskinesiaParkinson’s disease

Identifiers

PMID29971495
OpenAlexW2809888515

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.