SynthesisAnnals of internal medicine2018
Marijuana Use, Respiratory Symptoms, and Pulmonary Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Annals of internal medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 111 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabis consumption and risk of asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Cannabis use among cancer patients and survivors in the United States: a systematic review.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2024Pooled it
- Balancing risks and benefits of cannabis use: umbrella review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2023Pooled it
- Emerging adult perceptions of higher-risk cannabis consumption behaviours.Harm reduction journal · 2023Trial
- Microbiomic differences at cancer-prone oral mucosa sites with marijuana usage.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Documented Nicotine, Cannabis, and Co-Use Are Associated With More Intensive Emergency Department Care for Adolescent Asthma Exacerbations.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Article
- Inhaled Cannabis, Asthma, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study of n = 379,049.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- COVID-19 symptoms associated with smoking and vaping tobacco and cannabis: A cross-sectional analysis.Preventive medicine reports · 2025Article
- Cannabis use and its impact on respiratory physiology and lung cancer risk: Mechanistic and epidemiological insights (Review).Biomedical reports · 2025Review
- Cannabis Use Among Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Is There a Place for Cannabinoids in Asthma Treatment?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cannabis, cannabinoids and health: a review of evidence on risks and medical benefits.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Review
- Trends in mortality due to asthma in young adults between 1999 and 2020: an analysis of CDC WONDER database.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2025Article
- Cumulative Effects of Cannabis Oils on Body Temperature, Electrocardiography, Heart Rate Variability, Blood Pressure, and Respiratory Function in Telemetered Dogs.International journal of veterinary science and medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical Benefits and Safety of Medical Cannabis Products: A Narrative Review on Natural Extracts.Pain and therapy · 2024Review
- National cross-sectional survey of US adults to assess the reliability of current and lifetime cannabis smoking.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Article
- Latent Trajectories of Persistence of Cannabis Use Across Four Decades in 329 Men From the San Diego Prospective Study.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2024Article
- Relationship Between Tobacco Product Use and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Individuals With COPD in Waves 1-5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Comparing Cannabis Use for Pain to Use for Other Reasons in Primary Care Patients.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: The health effects of smoking marijuana are not well-understood. Purpose: To examine the association between marijuana use and respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and obstructive lung disease among adolescents and adults. Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library from 1 January 1973 to 30 April 2018. Study Selection: Observational and interventional studies published in English that reported pulmonary outcomes of adolescents and adults who used marijuana. Data Extraction: Four reviewers independently extracted study characteristics and assessed risk of bias. Three reviewers assessed strength of evidence. Studies of similar design with low or moderate risk of bias and sufficient data were pooled. Data Synthesis: Twenty-two studies were included. A pooled analysis of 2 prospective studies showed that marijuana use was associated with an increased risk for cough (risk ratio [RR], 2.04 [95% CI, 1.02 to 4.06]) and sputum production (RR, 3.84 [CI, 1.62 to 9.07]). Pooled analysis of cross-sectional studies (1 low and 3 moderate risk of bias) showed that marijuana use was associated with cough (RR, 4.37 [CI, 1.71 to 11.19]), sputum production (RR, 3.40 [CI, 1.99 to 5.79]), wheezing (RR, 2.83 [CI, 1.89 to 4.23]), and dyspnea (RR, 1.56 [CI, 1.33 to 1.83]). Data on pulmonary function and obstructive lung disease were insufficient. Limitation: Few studies were at low risk of bias, marijuana exposure was limited in the population studied, cohorts were young overall, assessment of marijuana exposure was not uniform, and study designs varied. Conclusion: Low-strength evidence suggests that smoking marijuana is associated with cough, sputum production, and wheezing. Evidence on the association between marijuana use and obstructive lung disease and pulmonary function is insufficient. Primary Funding Source: None. (PROSPERO: CRD42017059224).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.