ArticleDiabetes care2018
Adiposity-Mortality Relationships in Type 2 Diabetes, Coronary Heart Disease, and Cancer Subgroups in the UK Biobank, and Their Modification by Smoking.
Article in Diabetes care, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of Obesity With Survival Outcomes in Patients With Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- Body Mass Index, Clinical Outcomes, and Mortality in Heart Failure: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2026Article
- Associations between psychological distress and thyroid cancer, and the mediating role of lifestyle and metabolism: a cohort study from the UK Biobank.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Impact of education level on complications and mortalities in type 2 diabetes: A UK biobank prospective cohort study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Comparative disease burden of early-onset and late-onset type 2 diabetes in the U.S.: Evidence from NHANES 2003-2018.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Article
- The Obesity Paradox of Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.Current diabetes reports · 2025Review
- Association of relative fat mass (RFM) index with diabetes-related mortality and heart disease mortality.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Predictive modelling of metabolic syndrome in Ghanaian diabetic patients: an ensemble machine learning approach.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Differential impacts of fat and muscle mass on cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
- Conventional and genetic associations of BMI with major vascular and non-vascular disease incidence and mortality in a relatively lean Chinese population: U-shaped relationship revisited.International journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Association of combined healthy lifestyle factors with incident osteoporosis in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Article
- The association between dietary inflammatory index with some cardio-metabolic risk indices among the patients with type 2 diabetes from Hoveyzeh cohort study: a cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2024Article
- Body Roundness Index Is Better Correlated with Insulin Sensitivity than Body Shape Index in Young and Middle-Aged Japanese Persons.Metabolic syndrome and related disorders · 2024Article
- Article
- Global burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to non-high body mass index from 1990 to 2019.BMC public health · 2023Article
- How does obesity affect mortality through blood pressure and blood glucose in Chinese and US citizens? Insights from a causal mediation analysis of two large cohorts.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Differential Effect of Generalized and Abdominal Obesity on the Development and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Chinese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Adiposity and risks of vascular and non-vascular mortality among Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes: a 10-year prospective study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Article
- Associations of weight loss with obesity-related comorbidities in a large integrated health system.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2021Article
- The Weight Problem: Overview of the Most Common Concepts for Body Mass and Fat Distribution and Critical Consideration of Their Usefulness for Risk Assessment and Practice.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe obesity paradox in which overweight/obesity is associated with mortality benefits is believed to be explained by confounding and reverse causality rather than by a genuine clinical benefit of excess body weight. We aimed to gain deeper insights into the paradox through analyzing mortality relationships with several adiposity measures; assessing subgroups with type 2 diabetes, with coronary heart disease (CHD), with cancer, and by smoking status; and adjusting for several confounders. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe studied the general UK Biobank population (
resultsFor BMI, the obesity paradox was observed among people with type 2 diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio for obese vs. normal BMI 0.78 [95% CI 0.65, 0.95]) but not among those with CHD (1.00 [0.86, 1.17]). The obesity paradox was pronounced in current smokers, absent in never smokers, and more pronounced in men than in women. For other adiposity measures, there was less evidence for an obesity paradox, yet smoking status consistently modified the adiposity-mortality relationship.
conclusionsThe obesity paradox was observed in people with type 2 diabetes and is heavily modified by smoking status. The results of subgroup analyses and statistical adjustments are consistent with reverse causality and confounding.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.