ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2018
Effect of different delivery modes on the short-term strength of the pelvic floor muscle in Chinese primipara.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are there differences in short-term pelvic floor muscle function after cesarean section or vaginal delivery in primiparous women? A systematic review with meta-analysis.International urogynecology journal · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of Warm Acupuncture Therapy Combined with Kegel Exercise on Postpartum Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in Women.International urogynecology journal · 2024Trial
- Vaginal palpation versus transabdominal ultrasound in the comprehension of pelvic floor muscle contraction after vaginal delivery: a randomised controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2021Trial
- Impact of Episiotomy on Postpartum Pain, Pelvic Floor Function, and Sexual Health: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study and Prediction Model Development.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- A study on the association between different delivery modes and pelvic floor muscle strength in women during early postpartum period.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Article
- Transperineal combined two- and three-dimensional ultrasound evaluation of the effects of different delivery methods on levator ani muscles and pelvic organ prolapse.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Correlation Between Delivery Type and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: A Case-Control Study.Advanced biomedical research · 2025Article
- Unveiling the depths of pelvic organ prolapse: From risk factors to therapeutic methods (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2025Review
- The effect of a pelvic compression belt on postural stability in postpartum women.Sports engineering · 2025Article
- Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse in postpartum women: a retrospective cross-sectional study in Southwest China.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength in Women With Vaginal Delivery and Caesarean Section After 1-3 Years:Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025Article
- Experience Among Postnatal Nurses With Two or Three Children Returning to Work Within 3 Months in China: A Qualitative Study.Nursing open · 2024Article
- Association of the second birth mode of delivery and interval with maternal pelvic floor changes: a prospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Effects of Different Delivery Modes on Pelvic Floor Function in Parturients 6-8 Weeks after Delivery Using Transperineal Four-Dimensional Ultrasound.Disease markers · 2022Article
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.Research and reports in urology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo investigate the effect of different delivery modes and related obstetric factors on the short-term strength of the pelvic floor muscle after delivery in Chinese primipara.
methodsA total of 4769 healthy Chinese primiparas at postpartum 6-8 weeks were interviewed. According to the difference of delivery mode, the selected primiparas were divided into 2 groups, including cesarean delivery group containing 2020 and vaginal delivery group containing 2749. All the vaginal deliveries were further divided into 3 groups, including episiotomy group containing 2279, perineal laceration group containing 398, and forceps assisted group containing72. The scales of their pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strengths were examined by specially trained personnel using digital palpation (Modified Oxford scale:0-5 grade). According to participants' willingness, if the PFM strength was weak (0 or 1 grade), at-home PFM training would be recommended and an electrical stimulation combined with biofeedback therapy would be conducted for them in hospital. Twelve weeks after delivery, the PFM strength would be measured again. For statistical analysis, t-test, one-way variance analysis, Chi-square analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test H, Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon test were carried out.
resultsThe PFM strength in cesarean delivery group was higher than in vaginal delivery group (p < 0.05). Among 3 vaginal delivery groups, the PFM strength in perineal laceration group was the highest (p < 0.05); however, there was no difference in PFM strength between episiotomy group and forceps assisted group (p>0.05). After accepting PFM training at home and therapy in hospital, 305 women showed increased PFM strength (p < 0.05).
conclusionsVaginal delivery is an independent risk factor causing the damage of PFM, and episiotomy may cause injury of PFM. Through PFM training at home and therapy in hospital, those damage will resume as soon as possible in the short-time period after delivery.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.