ArticlePloS one2018
Screening for developmental disabilities in HIV positive and HIV negative children in South Africa: Results from the Asenze Study.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Audiological assessment of children with HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis.Jornal de pediatriaPooled it
- Screening young children for neurodevelopmental differences in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Intimate Partner Violence and Determinants of HIV Seroconversion among Female Caregivers in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: Insights from the Asenze Longitudinal Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Developmental delay and associated factors among HIV-infected under-five children in public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Does perceived caregiver HIV stigma and depression increase adolescent neuro-behavioral difficulties? A mediation analysis in the Asenze Cohort.Research square · 2024Article
- Combined hearing and vision screening programs: A scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Determinants of the psychomotor development delay in children aged 12 to 59 months infected with HIV in Yaounde, Cameroon.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Developmental delay in a resource-constrained environment: Screening, surveillance and diagnostic assessment.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2021Article
- Reorienting Nurturing Care for Early Childhood Development during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Kenya: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Cognitive and Language Development at Age 4-6 Years in Children HIV-Exposed But Uninfected Compared to Those HIV-Unexposed and to Children Living With HIV.New directions for child and adolescent development · 2020Article
- Clinico-Immunological Status and Neurocognitive Function of Perinatally Acquired HIV-Positive Children on cART: A Cross-Sectional Correlational Study in South Africa.Frontiers in neurology · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile neurodevelopmental abnormalities are common in children with HIV infection, their detection can be challenging in settings with limited availability of health professionals. The aim of this study was to assess the ability to identify developmental disability among HIV positive and HIV negative children living in South Africa with an internationally used screen. METHODS AND
findingsThis analysis uses a sample of 1,330 4-6 year old children and 1,231 of their caregivers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, including administration of the Ten Questions (TQ) screen, a standardized medical history and physical examination conducted by a medical doctor, with hearing and vision screening, psychological assessment for cognition and language delay, and voluntary HIV testing. There was a high prevalence of disability among the sample. Compared to HIV negative children, HIV positive children were more likely to screen positive on at least one TQ item (59.3 vs 42.8%, p = 0.01), be delayed in sitting, standing or walking (OR 3.89, 95% CI = 2.1-7.2) and have difficulty walking or weakness in the arms or legs (OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 0.8-9.37). By medical doctor assessment, HIV positive children were more likely to be diagnosed with gross motor disability (OR = 3.5, 95%CI = 1.3-9.2) and hearing disability (OR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.2-5.3). By independent psychological assessment, HIV positive children were more likely to have cognitive delay (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.2-3.9) and language delay (OR = 4.3, 95%CI = 2.2-8.4). Among HIV positive children, the sensitivity and specificity of the TQ for serious disability (vs. no disability) was 100% and 51.2%, respectively. Among HIV-negative children, the sensitivity and specificity of the TQ for serious disability (vs. no disability) was 90.2% and 63.9%, respectively.
conclusionsIn this first report of the use of the TQ screen in the isiZulu language, it was found to have high sensitivity for detecting serious developmental disabilities in children, especially HIV positive children. The performance of the TQ in this sample indicates utility for making best use of limited neurodevelopmental resources by screening HIV positive children.
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