Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29969439›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2018

Optimized base editors enable efficient editing in cells, organoids and mice.

Maria Paz Zafra, Emma M Schatoff, Alyna Katti, Miguel Foronda, Marco Breinig, Anabel Y Schweitzer, Amber Simon, Teng Han, Sukanya Goswami, Emma Montgomery and 8 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 230 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
230citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

230 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Compact 9dBEs Enable Efficient and Precise Genome Editing in Mammalian Cells and In Vivo.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Advancements in CRISPR-basedFrontiers in genome editing · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025
    Review
  17. CRISPR-based functional genomics tools in vertebrate models.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2025
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Treating genetic blood disorders in the era of CRISPR-mediated genome editing.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Review
  20. Review

170 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Maria Paz ZafraSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Emma M SchatoffSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Alyna KattiSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Miguel ForondaSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Marco BreinigHelmholtz-University Group 'Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Anabel Y SchweitzerHelmholtz-University Group 'Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Amber SimonSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Teng HanSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Sukanya GoswamiSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Emma MontgomerySandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Jordana ThibadoWeill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Edward R KastenhuberCancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Francisco J Sánchez-RiveraCancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.
Junwei ShiCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8427-6316
Christopher R VakocCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, New York, USA.
Scott W LoweCancer Biology and Genetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5284-9650
Darjus F TschaharganehHelmholtz-University Group 'Cell Plasticity and Epigenetic Remodeling', German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Lukas E DowSandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Nicholas D Socci · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering MST ProgramT32GM007739 · NIGMS · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI HSU, KATHARINE C · 1985 to 2023
$51.1M
MSKCC Pilot Center for Precision Disease ModelingU54OD020355 · OD · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI LOWE, SCOTT W., SOLIT, DAVID B. · 2015 to 2019
$9.9M
Translational Research in Oncology Training ProgramT32CA160001 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI SAWYERS, CHARLES L. · 2011 to 2020
$2.0M
A scalable platform for target validation in GEMM models of gastrointestinal malignancies.R01CA195787 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI LOWE, SCOTT W. · 2015 to 2017
$2.0M
Molecular and Translational Oncology ResearchT32CA203702 · NCI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI BLENIS, JOHN, GIANNAKAKOU, PARASKEVI · 2017 to 2021
$1.4M
Defining the genetic requirements for maintenance of colorectal cancerK22CA181280 · NCI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI DOW, LUKAS EDWARD · 2014 to 2016
$584k
Targeting the WNT Pathway in Colorectal CancerF31CA224800 · NCI · WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV · PI SCHATOFF, EMMA M · 2017 to 2020
$179k
Intratumoral Heterogeneity and Tumor Evolution in LymphomaF31CA192835 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INST CAN RESEARCH · PI KASTENHUBER, EDWARD R · 2015 to 2018
$157k
Howard Hughes Medical InstituteNCI NIH HHS F31 CA192835NCI NIH HHS F31 CA224800NCI NIH HHS K22 CA181280NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NCI NIH HHS R01 CA195787NCI NIH HHS T32 CA160001NCI NIH HHS T32 CA203702NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007739NIH HHS U54 OD020355
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CRISPR base editing enables the creation of targeted single-base conversions without generating double-stranded breaks. However, the efficiency of current base editors is very low in many cell types. We reengineered the sequences of BE3, BE4Gam, and xBE3 by codon optimization and incorporation of additional nuclear-localization sequences. Our collection of optimized constitutive and inducible base-editing vector systems dramatically improves the efficiency by which single-nucleotide variants can be created. The reengineered base editors enable target modification in a wide range of mouse and human cell lines, and intestinal organoids. We also show that the optimized base editors mediate efficient in vivo somatic editing in the liver in adult mice.

Indexed as

CRISPR-Cas SystemsGene EditingAnimalsCell LineGenetic VariationHumansMice

Identifiers

PMID29969439
PMCPMC6130889

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.