ArticlePsychological research2019
Personality assimilation across species: enfacing an ape reduces own intelligence and increases emotion attribution to apes.
Article in Psychological research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attribution of Selfhood Based on Simple Behavioral Cues: Toward a Pars-Pro-Toto Account.Cognitive science · 2026Article
- Virtual Reality Experience as Reflected in EEG Microstates.Brain topography · 2025Article
- Investigating the impact of motion visual synchrony on self face recognition using real time morphing.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Reluctance against the machine: Retrieval of observational stimulus-response episodes in online settings emerges when interacting with a human, but not with a computer partner.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2022Article
- Reduced ownership over a virtual body modulates dishonesty.iScience · 2022Article
- An event-coding account of attitudes.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2021Article
- Representing Oneself and Others.Experimental psychology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Seeing another person's face while that face and one's own face are stroked synchronously or controlling a virtual face by moving one's own induces the illusion that the other face has become a part of oneself-the enfacement effect. Here, we demonstrate that humans can enface even members of another species and that this enfacement promotes "feature migration" in terms of intelligence and emotional attribution from the representation of other to the representation of oneself, and vice versa. We presented participants with a virtual human face moving in or out of sync with their own face, and then morphed it into an ape face. Participants tended to perceive the ape face as their own in the sync condition, as indicated by body-ownership and inclusion-of-others-in-the-self ratings. More interestingly, synchrony also reduced performance in a fluid-intelligence task and increased the willingness to attribute emotions to apes. These observations, which fully replicated in another experiment, fit with the idea that self and other are represented in terms of feature codes, just like non-social events (as implied by the Theory of Event Coding), so that representational self-other overlap invites illusory conjunctions of features from one representation to the other.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.