ReviewBrain sciences2018
On the Developmental Timing of Stress: Delineating Sex-Specific Effects of Stress across Development on Adult Behavior.
Review in Brain sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adolescent Alcohol and Stress Exposure Rewires Key Cortical Neurocircuitry.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of the BDNF Val66Met genotype on intrusive memories following trauma exposure and in PTSD is moderated by sex and timing of trauma exposure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sex differences in placental structure and gene expression in ICR mice during embryonic development.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Intergenerational Effects of Stress - A Focus on Learning and Memory.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2025Review
- Development of the rodent prefrontal cortex: circuit formation, plasticity, and impacts of early life stress.Frontiers in neural circuits · 2025Review
- Effects of Early Stress Exposure on Anxiety-like Behavior andBiomolecules · 2024Article
- Childhood adversity and psychopathology: the dimensions of timing, type and chronicity in a population-based sample of high-risk adolescents.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- Sexual dimorphism in anxiety is programmed in-utero by sex-steroids: Proof of concept using a disease-model and stress responses to COVID pandemic.Psychiatry research · 2024Article
- Adolescent alcohol disrupts development of noradrenergic neurons in the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and enhances stress behaviors in adulthood in mice in a sex specific manner.Addiction neuroscience · 2023Article
- Review
- Effects of stress on school bullying behavior among secondary school students: Moderating effects of gender and grade level.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Effects of prenatal opioid exposure on synaptic adaptations and behaviors across development.Neuropharmacology · 2023Review
- Neurobiological Mechanisms Modulating Emotionality, Cognition and Reward-Related Behaviour in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rodents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Encore: Behavioural animal models of stress, depression and mood disorders.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Review
- Age- and sex-specific effects of stress on parvalbumin interneurons in preclinical models: Relevance to sex differences in clinical neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Environmental certainty influences the neural systems regulating responses to threat and stress.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Review
- Developmental emergence of persistent memory for contextual and auditory fear in mice.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2021Article
- Stress Diminishes BDNF-stimulated TrkB Signaling, TrkB-NMDA Receptor Linkage and Neuronal Activity in the Rat Brain.Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Metformin effects on brain development following cranial irradiation in a mouse model.Neuro-oncology · 2021Article
- A model of negative emotional contagion between male-female rat dyads: Effects of voluntary exercise on stress-induced behavior and BDNF-TrkB signaling.Physiology & behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Stress, and the chronic overactivation of major stress hormones, is associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, clinical literature on the exact role of stress either as a causative, triggering, or modulatory factor to mental illness remains unclear. We suggest that the impact of stress on the brain and behavior is heavily dependent on the developmental timing at which the stress has occurred, and as such, this may contribute to the overall variability reported on the association of stress and mental illness. Here, animal models provide a way to comprehensively assess the temporal impact of stress on behavior in a controlled manner. This review particularly focuses on the long-term impact of stress on behavior in various rodent stress models at three major developmental time points: early life, adolescence, and adulthood. We characterize the various stressor paradigms into physical, social, and pharmacological, and discuss commonalities and differences observed across these various stress-inducing methods. In addition, we discuss here how sex can influence the impact of stress at various developmental time points. We conclude here that early postnatal life and adolescence represent particular periods of vulnerability, but that stress exposure during early life can sometimes lead to resilience, particularly to fear-potentiated memories. In the adult brain, while shorter periods of stress tended to enhance spatial memory, longer periods caused impairments. Overall, males tended to be more vulnerable to the long-term effects of early life and adolescent stress, albeit very few studies incorporate both sexes, and further well-powered sex comparisons are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.