ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Impact of schistosome infection on long-term HIV/AIDS outcomes.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Schistosomiasis endemicity and its role in sexually transmitted infections - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in parasitology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of schistosomes on host anti-viral immune response and the acquisition, virulence, and prevention of viral infections: A systematic review.PLoS pathogens · 2021Pooled it
- Interactions ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Pooled it
- Therapeutic challenges of schistosomiasis: mechanisms of action and current limitations.Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2025Review
- Epidemiological, clinical and immunological features of Schistosoma spp., Stronglyoides stercoralis and Taenia spp. infections in Ghanaian HIV patients.European journal of microbiology & immunology · 2025Article
- Global Landscape of Infection-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension.Infectious disease reports · 2025Review
- Sex as a biological variable in HIV-1 and schistosome co-infection.The lancet. HIV · 2025Review
- Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2024Review
- Screening forPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4BMC medicine · 2022Article
- Cross-reactivity of glycan-reactive HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies with parasite glycans.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Application of Dendrimers for Treating Parasitic Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Schistosoma mansoni Infection Is Associated With a Higher Probability of Tuberculosis Disease in HIV-Infected Adults in Kenya.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2021Article
- Schistosomiasis was not associated with higher HIV-1 plasma or genital set point viral loads among HIV seroconverters from four cohort studies.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Article
- Th2 CD4Journal of the American Heart Association · 2019Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiases among preschool aged children (1-5 years) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a cross-sectional study.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Article
- Schistosome infection and its effect on pulmonary circulation.Global cardiology science & practice · 2019Review
- Schistosomiasis and HIV-1 viral load in HIV-infected outpatients with immunological failure in Tanzania: a case-control study.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Schistosomiasis is associated with incident HIV transmission and death in Zambia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2018Article
- HIV-1 Viral Loads Are Not Elevated in Individuals Co-infected WithFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAfrica bears the burden of approximately 70% of global HIV infections and 90% of global schistosome infections. We sought to investigate the impact of schistosome infection at the time of HIV-1 seroconversion on the speed of HIV-1 disease progression, as measured by the outcome CD4+ T-cell (CD4) counts <350 cells/μL and/or death. We hypothesized that people who had been infected with Schistosoma spp. at the time they acquired HIV-1 infection would have impaired antiviral immune response, thus leading them to progress twice as fast to a CD4 count less than 350 cells/μL or death than would people who had been free of schistosomes at time of HIV-1 seroconversion. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL
findingsWe conducted a longitudinal study in Tanzania from 2006 to 2017 using stored blood spot samples, demographic surveillance and sero-survey data from the community, and a review of clinical charts. A competing risk analysis was performed to look at the difference in time to reaching CD4 counts < 350 cells/μL and/or death in HIV-1-infected people who were infected versus not infected with Schistosoma spp. at time of HIV-1 seroconversion. We found an 82% reduction in risk of reaching the outcome in seroconverters who had been infected with Schistosoma (subHazard Ratio = 0.18[0.068,0.50], p = 0.001) after adjusting for age, occupation, clinic attendance and time-dependent covariates.
conclusionsOur study demonstrates that people with schistosome infection at the time of HIV-seroconversion develop adverse HIV outcomes more slowly than those without. The findings are contrary to our original hypothesis. Our current longitudinal findings suggest complex interactions between HIV-1 and schistosome co-infections that may be modulated over time. We urge new immunological studies to investigate the long-term impact of schistosome infection on HIV-1 viral load and CD4 counts as well as related immunologic pathways.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.