ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Vitamin D status contributes to the antimicrobial activity of macrophages against Mycobacterium leprae.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- An update on leprosy immunopathogenesis: systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Associations between vitamin D receptor genetic variants and tuberculosis: a meta-analysis.Innate immunity · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Vitamin D in Infectious Diseases: A Narrative Review Focusing on COVID-19, Long COVID, and Influenza.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Age-related Macular Degeneration: New Insights from Mendelian Randomization.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Article
- Estimation of Serum Vitamin D Levels and Helminthic Coinfection in Patients with Type 2 Lepra Reactions and its Correlation with Severity of Type 2 Reactions: A Cross-Sectional Study.Indian dermatology online journal · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial and Anti-Efflux Machinery of FDA-Approved Proton Pump Inhibitors and Vitamins AgainstMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Identifying promising peptide targets for leprosy serological tests: From prediction to ELISA.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Vitamin D Levels as a Marker of Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Iron and vitamin D intake on a diet are able to modify the in vitro immune response to Mycobacterium leprae.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2024Article
- Review
- Association between serum level of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) and plasma level of vitamin D receptor with bacteriological index in leprosy patients.Dermatology reports · 2023Article
- A Comparison of Cathelicidin Levels in the Skin of Leprosy Patients and Their Household Contacts.Acta medica academica · 2023Observational
- The dawn of repurposing vitamins as potential novel antimicrobial agents: A call for global emergency response amidst AMR crisis.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Vitamin D and estrogen steroid hormones and their immunogenetic roles in Infectious respiratory (TB and COVID-19) diseases.Genetics and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Bovine Immunity and Vitamin DMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Vitamin D and the Kidney: Two Players, One Console.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Immunomodulatory Properties of Vitamin D.Mediterranean journal of rheumatology · 2022Review
- Vitamin D, exercise, and immune health in athletes: A narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Cytokine Profiles and the Effect of Intravitreal Aflibercept Treatment on Experimental Choroidal Neovascularization.Ophthalmic research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe immune system depends on effector pathways to eliminate invading pathogens from the host in vivo. Macrophages (MΦ) of the innate immune system are armed with vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial responses to kill intracellular microbes. However, how the physiological levels of vitamin D during MΦ differentiation affect phenotype and function is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL: The human innate immune system consists of divergent MΦ subsets that serve distinct functions in vivo. Both IL-15 and IL-10 induce MΦ differentiation, but IL-15 induces primary human monocytes to differentiate into antimicrobial MΦ (IL-15 MΦ) that robustly express the vitamin D pathway. However, how vitamin D status alters IL-15 MΦ phenotype and function is unknown. In this study, we found that adding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) during the IL-15 induced differentiation of monocytes into MΦ increased the expression of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin, including both CAMP mRNA and the encoded protein cathelicidin in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of physiological levels of 25D during differentiation of IL-15 MΦ led to a significant vitamin D-dependent antimicrobial response against intracellular Mycobacterium leprae but did not change the phenotype or phagocytic function of these MΦ. These data suggest that activation of the vitamin D pathway during IL-15 MΦ differentiation augments the antimicrobial response against M. leprae infection. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrates that the presence of vitamin D during MΦ differentiation bestows the capacity to mount an antimicrobial response against M. leprae.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.