Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29963969›Full record

ArticleCell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)2018

Azurin interaction with the lipid raft components ganglioside GM-1 and caveolin-1 increases membrane fluidity and sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs.

Nuno Bernardes, Ana Rita Garizo, Sandra N Pinto, Bernardo Caniço, Catarina Perdigão, Fábio Fernandes, Arsenio M Fialho

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Roles of FXR in Lipid Biochemistry within Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using MALDI MSI.Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Intracellular redistribution of cell-penetrating peptide p28: A mechanism for enhanced anti-cancer activity.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Peptaibol-Containing Extracts ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. New Insights Into Targeting Membrane Lipids for Cancer Therapy.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020
    Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nuno Bernardesa iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-4495-6608
Ana Rita Garizoa iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal.ORCID 0000-0003-3399-5844
Sandra N Pintob Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico , Lisbon , Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-3205-9459
Bernardo Caniçoa iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal.
Catarina Perdigãoa iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-8528-078X
Fábio Fernandesb Centro de Química-Física Molecular and Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Instituto Superior Técnico , Lisbon , Portugal.ORCID 0000-0001-9112-265X
Arsenio M Fialhoa iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences , Biological Sciences Research Group , Lisbon , Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-8066-5787

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Membrane lipid rafts are highly ordered microdomains and essential components of plasma membranes. In this work, we demonstrate that azurin uptake by cancer cells is, in part, mediated by caveolin-1 and GM-1, lipid rafts' markers. This recognition is mediated by a surface exposed hydrophobic core displayed by azurin since the substitution of a phenylalanine residue in position 114 facing the hydrophobic cavity by alanine impacts such interactions, debilitating the uptake of azurin by cancer cells. Treating of cancer cells with azurin leads to a sequence of events: alters the lipid raft exposure at plasma membranes, causes a decrease in the plasma membrane order as examined by Laurdan two-photon imaging and leads to a decrease in the levels of caveolin-1. Caveolae, a subset of lipid rafts characterized by the presence of caveolin-1, are gaining increasing recognition as mediators in tumor progression and resistance to standard therapies. We show that azurin inhibits growth of cancer cells expressing caveolin-1, and this inhibition is only partially observed with mutant azurin. Finally, the simultaneous administration of azurin with anticancer therapeutic drugs (paclitaxel and doxorubicin) results in an enhancement in their activity, contrary to the mutated protein.

Indexed as

Membrane FluidityAmino Acid SequenceAntineoplastic AgentsAzurinCaveolin 1Cell Line, TumorG(M1) GangliosideHumansMembrane MicrodomainsMutant ProteinsPoint MutationProtein DomainsAntineoplastic AgentsAzurinCaveolin 1G(M1) GangliosideMutant ProteinsAzurincaveolin-1lipid raftmembrane-based anticancer therapymembrane order

Identifiers

PMID29963969
PMCPMC6133334

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.