Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29963766›Full record

Trial reportHIV medicine2018

Using behavioural insights to increase HIV self-sampling kit returns: a randomized controlled text message trial to improve England's HIV self-sampling service.

L J Brown, K S Tan, L E Guerra, C J Naidoo, A Nardone

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in HIV medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

L J BrownDepartment of Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0717-5105
K S TanPHE Behavioural Insights Team, Research Training & Innovation, Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK.
L E GuerraSexual Health Promotion Unit, HIV and STIs Department, Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK.
C J NaidooSexual Health Promotion Unit, HIV and STIs Department, Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK.
A NardoneSexual Health Promotion Unit, HIV and STIs Department, Health Improvement Directorate, Public Health England, London, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThe aim of the study was to determine whether behaviourally informed short message service (SMS) primer and reminder messages could increase the return rate of HIV self-sampling kits ordered online.

methodsThe study was a 2 × 2 factorial design randomized control trial. A total of 9585 individuals who ordered a self-sampling kit from www.freetesting.hiv different SMS combinations: 1) standard reminders sent days 3 and 7 after dispatch (control); 2) primer sent 1 day after dispatch plus standard reminders; 3) behavioural insights (BI) reminders (no primer); or 4) primer plus BI reminders. The analysis was restricted to individuals who received all messages (n = 8999). We used logistic regression to investigate independent effects of the primer and BI reminders and their interaction. We explored the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on kit return as a secondary analysis.

resultsThose who received the primer and BI reminders had a return rate 4% higher than that of those who received the standard messages. We found strong evidence of a positive effect of the BI reminders (odds ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.23; P = 0.003) but no evidence for an effect of the primer, or for an interaction between the two interventions. Odds of kit return increased with age, with those aged ≥ 65 years being almost 2.5 times more likely to return the kit than those aged 25-34 years. Men who have sex with men were 1.5-4.5 times more likely to return the kit compared with other sexual behaviour and gender identity groups. Non-African black clients were 25% less likely to return the kit compared with other ethnicities.

conclusionsAdding BI to reminder messages was successful in improving return rates at no additional cost.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAge FactorsBehaviorEnglandFemaleHIV InfectionsHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedReagent Kits, DiagnosticReminder SystemsSexual and Gender MinoritiesText MessagingReagent Kits, Diagnosticbehavioural interventionsHIV diagnostic testspublic healthrandomized controlled trialtext messaging

Identifiers

PMID29963766
PMCPMC6175432

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.