ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2018
Classification of patient-safety incidents in primary care.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Patient safety incident reporting systems and reporting practices in African healthcare organisations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open quality · 2025Pooled it
- Patient safety incidents in the psychiatric inpatient setting: determinants, consequences, and strategies. A systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Machine Learning to Prioritize High-Severity Patient Safety Events for Institutional Investigation: Algorithm Development and Validation Study.JMIR medical informatics · 2026Article
- The incidence of avoidable healthcare-associated harm in prisons in England: a retrospective case note review.BMJ quality & safety · 2026Observational
- Patient Safety in Family Medicine through the Eyes of People with Chronic Conditions in Slovenia.Zdravstveno varstvo · 2026Article
- Revealing the hidden harms in end-of-life care: a mixed-methods characterisation of reported safety incidents involving injectable symptom control medication.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- Quality and Safety Management of Advanced Medical Technologies in Homecare in The Netherlands: A Qualitative Study on Consensus Development Regarding Approaches and Continuing Professional Education.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Learning from end-of-life injectable medication patient safety incidents in the community: a mixed-methods analysis.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2026Article
- The associated factors of root cause analysis of incident reporting in public primary healthcare in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Enhancing Patient Understanding of Perianal Fistula MRI Findings Using ChatGPT: A Randomized, Single Centre Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The TRANS-SAFE Patient Safety Learning Laboratory: A Protocol for Systems Improvement for Psychosocial Safety in Transgender Care.Journal of patient safety · 2025Article
- Invisible harm in patient safety: a framework and definition for preventable psychological harm in cancer care.BMJ open quality · 2025Article
- Reporting guidelines for chatbot health advice studies: explanation and elaboration for the Chatbot Assessment Reporting Tool (CHART).BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2025Article
- The evolution of patient-reported safety concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic within a series of study questionnaires: a multi-method analysis.International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care · 2025Article
- Perspectives of speech-language therapists on patient safety incidents in South Africa.South African family practice : official journal of the South African Academy of Family Practice/Primary Care · 2025Article
- Multiple points of system failure underpin continuous subcutaneous infusion safety incidents in palliative care: A mixed methods analysis.Palliative medicine · 2025Article
- The benefits and opportunities: Engaging patients in identifying and reporting patient safety incidents.Healthcare management forum · 2024Article
- Patient Safety Incidents in Primary Care: Comparing APEAS-2007 (Spanish Patient Safety Adverse Events Study in Primary Care) with Data from a Health Area in Catalonia (Spain) in 2019.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Analysis of the nature and contributory factors of medication safety incidents following hospital discharge using National Reporting and Learning System (NRLS) data from England and Wales: a multi-method study.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Primary care lags behind secondary care in the reporting of, and learning from, incidents that put patient safety at risk. In primary care, there is no universally agreed approach to classifying the severity of harm arising from such patient-safety incidents. This lack of an agreed approach limits learning that could lead to the prevention of injury to patients. In a review of research on patient safety in primary care, we identified 21 existing approaches to the classification of harm severity. Using the World Health Organization's (WHO's) International Classification for Patient Safety as a reference, we undertook a framework analysis of these approaches. We then developed a new system for the classification of harm severity. To assess and classify harm, most existing approaches use measures of symptom duration (11/21), symptom severity (11/21) and/or the level of intervention required to manage the harm (14/21). However, few of these approaches account for the deleterious effects of hospitalization or the psychological stress that may be experienced by patients and/or their relatives. The new classification system we developed builds on WHO's International Classification for Patient Safety and takes account not only of hospitalization and psychological stress but also of so-called near misses and uncertain outcomes. The constructs we have outlined have the potential to be applied internationally, across primary-care settings, to improve both the detection and prevention of incidents that cause the most severe harm to patients.
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