Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29962551›Full record

SynthesisBulletin of the World Health Organization2018

Long-term impact of infant immunization on hepatitis B prevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Kate Whitford, Bette Liu, Joanne Micallef, J Kevin Yin, Kristine Macartney, Pierre Van Damme, John M Kaldor

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Immunogenicity and safety of HBAI20 Hepatitis B vaccine in non-responders: Double-blinded, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2021
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  20. A hepatitis B virus causes chronic infections in equids worldwide.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kate WhitfordKirby Institute, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, 2052 Australia.
Bette LiuSchool of Public Health and Community Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Joanne MicallefKirby Institute, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, 2052 Australia.
J Kevin YinSydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Kristine MacartneyNational Centre for Immunisation, Research and Surveillance, Sydney, Australia.
Pierre Van DammeCentre for the Evaluation of Vaccination, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
John M KaldorKirby Institute, Level 6, Wallace Wurth Building, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, 2052 Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term impact of infant vaccination on the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection at the population level.

methodsWe searched online databases for articles reporting comparisons between population cohorts aged ≥ 15 years who were exposed or unexposed to infant HBV immunization programmes. We categorized programmes as universal or targeted to infants whose mothers were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). We included studies reporting prevalence of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), HBsAg, or both. We evaluated the quality of the study methods and estimated the relative reduction in the prevalence of infection.

findingsOf 26 studies that met the inclusion criteria, most were from China (20 studies). The prevalence of HBV infection in unvaccinated and universally vaccinated cohorts ranged from 0.6% (116 of 20 305 people) to 16.3% (60/367) and from 0.3% (1/300) to 8.5% (73/857), respectively. Comparing cohorts with universal vaccination to those without vaccination, relative prevalences were 0.24 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.16-0.35) for HBsAg and 0.23 (95% CI: 0.17-0.32) for HBcAb. For populations with targeted vaccination, relative prevalences were 0.32 (95% CI: 0.24-0.43) and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.23-0.45), respectively.

conclusionThe residual burden of infection in cohorts offered vaccination suggests that longer-term evaluations of vaccination coverage, timeliness and other aspects of programme quality are needed. As HBV-vaccinated infant cohorts reach adulthood, ongoing analysis of prevalence in adolescents and young adults will ensure that elimination efforts are on track.

Indexed as

ImmunizationVaccinationAdolescentAdultChildFemaleHepatitis BHepatitis B VaccinesHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMalePregnancyPrevalenceTime FactorsYoung AdultHepatitis B Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID29962551
PMCPMC6022616

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.