ArticleBMJ open2018
Acute kidney injury in the UK: a replication cohort study of the variation across three regional populations.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Biomarkers for assessing acute kidney injury for people who are being considered for admission to critical care: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2022Pooled it
- Incidence, time trends and predictors of acute kidney injury in the region of Stockholm, Sweden.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Postoperative acute kidney injury in surgical intensive care units: a multicenter study on incidence and risk profiles.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Temporal Trends in Acute Kidney Injury in Hospitalizations From 2009-2018 in Alberta: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort Study.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Worsening Kidney Function: A Retrospective Cohort Study Including 122,606 Acid-Suppressing Users.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a chronic kidney disease progression model using patient-level simulations.Renal failure · 2024Article
- Consistency of alerts generated by, and implementation of, the NHS England acute kidney injury detection algorithm in English laboratories.Journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of Empagliflozin (JARDIANCEClinical drug investigation · 2024Article
- Article
- Recovery of kidney function after acute kidney disease-a multi-cohort analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Article
- Care processes and outcomes of deprivation across the clinical course of kidney disease: findings from a high-income country with universal healthcare.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2023Article
- Acute Kidney Injury in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Treated with Rivaroxaban or Warfarin: A Population-Based Study from the United Kingdom.Clinical epidemiology · 2022Article
- Cost-effectiveness and value of information analysis of NephroCheck and NGAL tests compared to standard care for the diagnosis of acute kidney injury.BMC nephrology · 2021Article
- Validation of Risk Prediction Models to Inform Clinical Decisions After Acute Kidney Injury.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2021Article
- Acute kidney injury in children with chronic kidney disease is associated with faster decline in kidney function.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Article
- Kidney Disease Cohort (KidDiCo) of Southern Denmark: Design, Coverage, Generalizability and Implications for Use.Clinical epidemiology · 2021Article
- Development and internal validation of a prediction model for hospital-acquired acute kidney injury.Clinical kidney journal · 2021Article
- Quinine exposure and the risk of acute kidney injury: a population-based observational study of older people.Age and ageing · 2020Observational
- Changing epidemiology and outcomes of acute kidney injury in Brazilian patients: a retrospective study from a teaching hospital.International urology and nephrology · 2020Observational
- A national initiative in data science for health: an evaluation of the UK Farr Institute.International journal of population data science · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesA rapid growth in the reported rates of acute kidney injury (AKI) has led to calls for greater attention and greater resources for improving care. However, the reported incidence of AKI also varies more than tenfold between previous studies. Some of this variation is likely to stem from methodological heterogeneity. This study explores the extent of cross-population variation in AKI incidence after minimising heterogeneity.
designPopulation-based cohort study analysing data from electronic health records from three regions in the UK through shared analysis code and harmonised methodology.
settingThree populations from Scotland, Wales and England covering three time periods: Grampian 2003, 2007 and 2012; Swansea 2007; and Salford 2012.
participantsAll residents in each region, aged 15 years or older.
main outcome measuresPopulation incidence of AKI and AKI phenotype (severity, recovery, recurrence). Determined using shared biochemistry-based AKI episode code and standardised by age and sex.
resultsRespectively, crude AKI rates (per 10 000/year) were 131, 138, 139, 151 and 124 (p=0.095), and after standardisation for age and sex: 147, 151, 146, 146 and 142 (p=0.257) for Grampian 2003, 2007 and 2012; Swansea 2007; and Salford 2012. The pattern of variation in crude rates was robust to any modifications of the AKI definition. Across all populations and time periods, AKI rates increased substantially with age from ~20 to ~550 per 10 000/year among those aged <40 and ≥70 years.
conclusionWhen harmonised methods are used and age and sex differences are accounted for, a similar high burden of AKI is consistently observed across different populations and time periods (~150 per 10 000/year). There are particularly high rates of AKI among older people. Policy-makers should be careful not draw simplistic assumptions about variation in AKI rates based on comparisons that are not rigorous in methodological terms.
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