Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29960671›Full record

SynthesisBiological psychiatry2018

Cortical Brain Abnormalities in 4474 Individuals With Schizophrenia and 5098 Control Subjects via the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics Through Meta Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium.

Theo G M van Erp, Esther Walton, Derrek P Hibar, Lianne Schmaal, Wenhao Jiang, David C Glahn, Godfrey D Pearlson, Nailin Yao, Masaki Fukunaga, Ryota Hashimoto and 169 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Biological psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 502 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
502citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
61.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

502 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 951 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Transdiagnostic mapping of common and specific regional homogeneity alterations across affective and psychotic disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
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  11. Antipsychotics cause reversible structural brain changes within one week.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
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  16. Allele-specific expression in the brain links genetic risk and cortical thinning in psychiatric disorders.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
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442 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

179 authors at 20 institutions in 20 countries.

Theo G M van ErpDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California. Electronic address: tvanerp@uci.edu.
Esther WaltonImaging Genetics and Neuroinformatics Lab, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Derrek P HibarImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California; Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, California.
Lianne SchmaalOrygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Wenhao JiangDepartment of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
David C GlahnDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut.
Godfrey D PearlsonDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut.
Nailin YaoDepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut.
Masaki FukunagaDivision of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan.
Ryota HashimotoMolecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Naohiro OkadaDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
Hidenaga YamamoriDepartment of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
Juan R BustilloDepartment of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Vincent P ClarkDepartment of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Ingrid AgartzInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Bryon A MuellerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Wiepke CahnDepartment of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Sonja M C de ZwarteDepartment of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Hilleke E Hulshoff PolDepartment of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
René S KahnDepartment of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Roel A OphoffSemel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Neeltje E M van HarenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Ole A AndreassenInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Anders M DaleCenter for Translational Imaging and Precision Medicine, San Diego, California; Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Nhat Trung DoanInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Tiril P GurholtInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Cecilie B HartbergInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Unn K HaukvikInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Kjetil N JørgensenInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Trine V LagerbergDivision of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Ingrid MelleInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Lars T WestlyeDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Oliver GruberSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany.
Bernd KraemerSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany.
Anja RichterSection for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany.
David ZillesCenter for Translational Research in Systems Neuroscience and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
Vince D CalhounDepartment of Psychiatry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Benedicto Crespo-FacorroDepartment of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain.
Roberto Roiz-SantiañezDepartment of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain.
Diana Tordesillas-GutiérrezDepartment of Psychiatry, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, School of Medicine, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Neuroimaging Unit, Technological Facilities, Valdecilla Biomedical Research Institute, Marqués de Valdecilla Research Institute (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Santander, Spain.
Carmel LoughlandPriority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter New England Local Health District, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Vaughan J CarrDepartment of Psychiatry, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia.
Stanley CattsDiscipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Vanessa L CropleyNeuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Janice M FullertonSchool of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Melissa J GreenSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Frans A HenskensPriority Research Centre for Health Behaviour, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Assen JablenskySchool of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Rhoshel K LenrootSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Bryan J MowryQueensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Patricia T MichieSchool of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Christos PantelisNeuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Yann QuidéSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Ulrich SchallPriority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Grow Up Well, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Rodney J ScottSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Murray J CairnsSchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Marc SealMurdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Paul A TooneySchool of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Paul E RasserPriority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Gavin CooperPriority Research Centre for Brain & Mental Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia.
Cynthia Shannon WeickertSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Thomas W WeickertSchool of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Derek W MorrisCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering (NCBES) Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Psychology, and Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Elliot HongMaryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Peter KochunovMaryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Lauren M BeardDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Raquel E GurDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Ruben C GurDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Theodore D SatterthwaiteDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Daniel H WolfDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Aysenil BelgerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Gregory G BrownDepartment of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
Judith M FordDepartment of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
Fabio MacciardiDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
Daniel H MathalonDepartment of Psychiatry, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, California; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California.
Daniel S O'LearyDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.
Steven G PotkinDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
Adrian PredaDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.
James VoyvodicBrain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
Kelvin O LimDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Sarah McEwenDepartment of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Fude YangPsychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Yunlong TanPsychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Shuping TanPsychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Zhiren WangPsychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Fengmei FanPsychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Jingxu ChenPsychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China.
Hong XiangChongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China.
Shiyou TangChongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing, China.
Hua GuoZhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan Province, Zhumadian, China.
Ping WanZhumadian Psychiatry Hospital, Henan Province, Zhumadian, China.
Dong WeiLuoyang Fifth People's Hospital, Henan Province, Luoyang, China.
Henry J BockholtMind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Advanced Biomedical Informatics Group, LLC, Iowa City, Iowa.
Stefan EhrlichAthinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Rick P F WolthusenSocial Neuroscience Laboratory, Charlestown, Massachusetts; Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Margaret D KingMind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Jody M ShoemakerMind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Scott R SponheimDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Minneapolis VA Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Lieuwe De HaanDepartment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Laura KoendersDepartment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Marise W MachielsenDepartment of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Therese van AmelsvoortDepartment of Psychiatry & Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Dick J VeltmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Francesca AssognaLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy.
Nerisa BanajLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Pietro de RossiLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Salute Mentale e Organi di Senso (NESMOS), Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, and Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Mariangela IorioLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Fabrizio PirasLaboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Centro Fermi, Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche "Enrico Fermi", Rome, Italy.
Gianfranco SpallettaBeth K. and Stuart C. Yudofsky Division of Neuropsychiatry, Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Peter J McKennaFundación para la Investigación y Docencia Maria Angustias Giménez (FIDMAG) Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain.
Edith Pomarol-ClotetFundación para la Investigación y Docencia Maria Angustias Giménez (FIDMAG) Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain.
Raymond SalvadorFundación para la Investigación y Docencia Maria Angustias Giménez (FIDMAG) Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain.
Aiden CorvinNeuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Gary DonohoeCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering (NCBES) Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Psychology, and Department of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland; Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland.
Sinead KellyDepartment of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Christopher D WhelanImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.
Erin W DickieCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
David RotenbergCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
Aristotle N VoineskosCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
Simone CiufoliniDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Joaquim RaduaDepartment of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Fundación para la Investigación y Docencia Maria Angustias Giménez (FIDMAG) Germanes Hospitalaries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Paola DazzanDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research Mental Health Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
Robin MurrayDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Tiago Reis MarquesDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Andrew SimmonsDepartment of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Stefan BorgwardtUniversity of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Laura EgloffUniversity of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Fabienne HarrisbergerUniversity of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Anita Riecher-RösslerUniversity of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Renata SmieskovaUniversity of Basel Psychiatric Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
Kathryn I AlpertDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Lei WangDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
Erik G JönssonInstitute of Clinical Medicine, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Sanne KoopsDepartment of Psychiatry and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Iris E C SommerDepartment of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Rijks Universiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, Rijks Universiteit Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Alessandro BertolinoDepartment of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy.
Aurora BonvinoIstituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
Annabella Di GiorgioIstituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
Emma NeilsonDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Andrew R MayerMind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Julia M StephenMind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Jun Soo KwonDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Je-Yeon YunYeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Dara M CannonCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering (NCBES) Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Colm McDonaldCentre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics, Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering (NCBES) Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Irina LebedevaMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Alexander S TomyshevMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Tolibjohn AkhadovChildren's Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russia.
Vasily KaledaMental Health Research Center, Moscow, Russia.
Helena Fatouros-BergmanCentre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
Lena FlycktCentre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
Karolinska Schizophrenia Project
Geraldo F BusattoLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Laboratórios de Investigação Médica 21, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Pedro G P RosaLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Laboratórios de Investigação Médica 21, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Mauricio H SerpaLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Laboratórios de Investigação Médica 21, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Marcus V ZanettiLaboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging, Laboratórios de Investigação Médica 21, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Cyril HoschlNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
Antonin SkochNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; MR Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
Filip SpanielNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.
David TomecekNational Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; Institute of Computer Science, Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
Saskia P HagenaarsCentre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Andrew M McIntoshDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Heather C WhalleyDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Stephen M LawrieDivision of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Christian KnöchelDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Viola Oertel-KnöchelDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Michael StäbleinDepartment of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Fleur M HowellsDepartment of Psychiatry, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Dan J SteinDepartment of Psychiatry, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Henk S TemminghDepartment of Psychiatry, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Anne UhlmannDepartment of Psychiatry, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Medical Research Council Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
Carlos Lopez-JaramilloResearch Group in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia.
Danai DimaDepartment of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, City, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Agnes McMahonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.
Joshua I FaskowitzImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.
Boris A GutmanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois.
Neda JahanshadImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.
Paul M ThompsonImaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging & Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, California.
Jessica A TurnerImaging Genetics and Neuroinformatics Lab, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia; Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
University of Oslo · NOBeijing HuiLongGuan Hospital · CNKing's College London · GBMind Research Network · USUniversity of Southern California · USUniversity Medical Center Utrecht · NLUniversity of Basel · CHUniversity of Edinburgh · GBUniversity of Newcastle Australia · AUUniversity of Pennsylvania · USHunter Medical Research Institute · AUOslo University Hospital · NOUniversidade de São Paulo · BRUniversity of California, Irvine · USUNSW Sydney · AUCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza · ITCentre for Addiction and Mental Health · CAFondazione Santa Lucia · ITGeorgia State University · USHartford Financial Services (United States)

Funding

HARVARD CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE CENTER (UL1)UL1RR025758 · NCRR · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI NADLER, LEE MARSHALL · 2008 to 2011
$91.4M
University of California Health Participation in the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C)UL1TR001414 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M, VILAIN, ERIC J. · 2015 to 2023
$35.1M
The Effects of Kynurenine Aminotransferase Inhibition in People with SchizophreniaP50MH103222 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND BALTIMORE · PI SCHWARCZ, ROBERT · 2014 to 2023
$25.2M
FUNCTION BIRNU24RR021992 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI POTKIN, STEVEN G · 2006 to 2010
$25.0M
Theta and Gamma Oscillations in Cortical MicrocircuitsP50MH064045 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI GUR, RAQUEL E · 2001 to 2010
$21.6M
Understanding neurophysiological deficits in response inhibition in children with FASDP50AA022534 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO HEALTH SCIS CTR · PI Carlos Fernando Valenzuela · 2014 to 2026
$21.5M
ULTRAHIGH FIELD TECHNOLOGY FOR FUNCTIONAL IMAGINGP41RR014075 · NCRR · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI BOAS, DAVID A · 1999 to 2011
$16.4M
BIO-INFORMATICS RESEARCH NETWORK COORDINATING CENTER (BIRN-CC)U24RR025736 · NCRR · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI KESSELMAN, CARL · 2009 to 2011
$15.0M
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Treatment of Auditory Verbal HalluciP20GM103472 · NIGMS · THE MIND RESEARCH NETWORK · PI CALHOUN, VINCE D · 2012 to 2017
$14.3M
Institute for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR000153 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI COOPER, DAN M · 2012 to 2015
$12.1M
STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND COGNITION IN SCHIZOPHRENIAP50MH071616 · NIMH · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BARCH, DEANNA · 2004 to 2008
$11.2M
Training U54EB020403 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI THOMPSON, PAUL M · 2014 to 2018
$10.1M
Medical Research Council MC_UU_00011/5Medical Research Council MR/K026992/1Medical Research Council MR/S015132/1MRF_ C0439NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000153NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001414NCRR NIH HHS P41 RR014075NCRR NIH HHS U24 RR021992NCRR NIH HHS U24 RR025736NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025758NIAAA NIH HHS P50 AA022534NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA021771NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB005846NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB006841NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB015611NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB020407NIBIB NIH HHS U54 EB020403NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD079124NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA027680NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM103472NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM061603NIH HHS S10 OD023696NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH099431NIMH NIH HHS K23 MH085096NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH064045NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH071616NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH103222NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH056584NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH058251NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH060722NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH074797NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH084803NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH085646NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH094524NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH101111NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH107703NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH112180NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH116948NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH043775NIMH NIH HHS RC1 MH089257NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH019112NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH067533NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH108148
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe profile of cortical neuroanatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia is not fully understood, despite hundreds of published structural brain imaging studies. This study presents the first meta-analysis of cortical thickness and surface area abnormalities in schizophrenia conducted by the ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis) Schizophrenia Working Group.

methodsThe study included data from 4474 individuals with schizophrenia (mean age, 32.3 years; range, 11-78 years; 66% male) and 5098 healthy volunteers (mean age, 32.8 years; range, 10-87 years; 53% male) assessed with standardized methods at 39 centers worldwide.

resultsCompared with healthy volunteers, individuals with schizophrenia have widespread thinner cortex (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.530/-0.516) and smaller surface area (left/right hemisphere: Cohen's d = -0.251/-0.254), with the largest effect sizes for both in frontal and temporal lobe regions. Regional group differences in cortical thickness remained significant when statistically controlling for global cortical thickness, suggesting regional specificity. In contrast, effects for cortical surface area appear global. Case-control, negative, cortical thickness effect sizes were two to three times larger in individuals receiving antipsychotic medication relative to unmedicated individuals. Negative correlations between age and bilateral temporal pole thickness were stronger in individuals with schizophrenia than in healthy volunteers. Regional cortical thickness showed significant negative correlations with normalized medication dose, symptom severity, and duration of illness and positive correlations with age at onset.

conclusionsThe findings indicate that the ENIGMA meta-analysis approach can achieve robust findings in clinical neuroscience studies; also, medication effects should be taken into account in future genetic association studies of cortical thickness in schizophrenia.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAge of OnsetBrainCase-Control StudiesChildFemaleFrontal LobeHumansLinear ModelsMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeuroimagingPrefrontal CortexCorticalImagingMeta-analysisSchizophreniaSurface areaThickness

Identifiers

PMID29960671
PMCPMC6177304
OpenAlexW2804287612

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