ArticleInternational journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases2018
High rate of Clostridium difficile among young adults presenting with diarrhea at two hospitals in Kenya.
Article in International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Changes in the Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile Infection.Infectious disease clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Article
- Best Practices in the Management ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Review
- Pediatric diarrhea patients living in urban areas have a higher incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Emergence of Clinical Clostridioides difficile Isolates With Decreased Susceptibility to Vancomycin.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2022Article
- Assessment of independent comorbidities and comorbidity measures in predicting healthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection in Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- High Prevalence of Multidrug-ResistantFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- High levels of toxigenicAccess microbiology · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea worldwide. As a result, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have designated C. difficile as an urgent threat. Despite the global public health risk posed by CDI, little is known about its epidemiology on the African continent. This article describes the common occurrence of CDI from a cross-section of consecutively seen, randomly enrolled patients presenting with diarrhea at two major hospitals in Kenya.
methodsPatients presenting with diarrhea at two major hospitals in Kenya from May to July 2017 were enrolled. After signing the informed consent, stool samples, demographic data, medical history, prior antibiotic use, and HIV status were obtained from the patients. C. difficile was detected and validated by toxigenic culture and PCR.
resultsThe average age of the patients was 35.5 years (range 3-86 years); 59% were male and 41% were female. Out of 105 patient stools tested, 98 (93.3%) were positive for C. difficile by culture. PCR analysis confirmed C. difficile-specific genes, tcdA, tcdB, and tcdC, in the strains isolated from the stools. Further, 82.5% of the stools had C. difficile isolates bearing the frame-shift deletion associated with hypervirulent strains. Remarkably, 91.9% of the stools that tested positive for C. difficile came from patients under 60 years old, with 64.3% being less than 40 years of age. The majority of the patients (85%) reported over-the-counter antibiotic use in the last 30days before the hospital visit.
conclusionsTogether, the results revealed an unusually high incidence of C. difficile in the stools analyzed, especially among young adults who are thought to be less vulnerable. Comprehensive research is urgently needed to examine the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, comorbidities, clinical outcomes, antibiotic susceptibility, and genetic makeup of C. difficile strains circulating on the African continent.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.