ArticleEndocrine2018
Cognitive functioning and quality of life in patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis on long-term levothyroxine replacement.
Article in Endocrine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy of Xiaoyao-san preparations in treating Hashimoto's thyroiditis: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of photobiomodulation therapy on fatigue and behavioural status in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Lasers in medical science · 2026Trial
- The evaluation of Hashimoto's thyroiditis with event-related potentials and magnetic resonance spectroscopy and its relation to cognitive function.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Coordinated TNF-NF-κB and PI3K-Akt Modulation by Yueju Pill in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Study.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Exosome in Hashimoto's thyroiditis: from pathogenesis to diagnostic and therapeutic potential.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Quality of life in hypothyroid subjects treated with levothyroxine: a cross-sectional study.Thyroid research · 2026Article
- No Association Between Diet Quality, Nutritional Status, and Quality of Life in Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis-A Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting suicide risk factors in thyroid cancer patients following diagnosis: a population-based retrospective study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The Association Between Hypothyroidism and Cognitive Function Change in Women across the Menopause Transition: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Article
- Article
- Impaired autonomic function and somatosensory disturbance in patients with treated autoimmune thyroiditis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Quality of life, daily functioning, and symptoms in hypothyroid patients on thyroid replacement therapy: A Dutch survey.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Article
- Article
- Quality of life, social support, and adherence in female patients with thyroid disorders.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Impaired Gonadotropin-Lowering Effects of Metformin in Postmenopausal Women with Autoimmune Thyroiditis: A Pilot Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Brain Fog in Hypothyroidism: What Is It, How Is It Measured, and What Can Be Done About It.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2022Review
- Synaptic loss in a mouse model of euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis: possible involvement of the microglia.BMC neuroscience · 2022Article
- Brain Fog in Hypothyroidism: Understanding the Patient's Perspective.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveIntrinsic imperfections of thyroid hormone replacement therapy may affect long-term general well-being. In patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), cognitive functioning may be affected via altered thyroid hormones action as well as by the autoimmune process. The aim of this study was to evaluate cognitive function and quality of life (QoL) in patients on long-term levothyroxine replacement for HT in relation to thyroid function tests and TPO (thyroid-peroxidase) antibody (TPOAb) status.
designRetrospective cross-sectional study. PATIENTS AND MEASUREMENTS: One-hundred-and thirty patients with HT on long-term levothyroxine replacement and 111 euthyroid control subjects. Both groups were divided into two age subgroups, 20-49 years (N = 59 vs N = 79) and > 50 years (N = 71 vs N = 32). Evaluation included biochemical and neuropsychological tests, evaluating attention, global cognitive status, verbal and working memory, executive function, depression and anxiety, and quality of life. We used ANOVA and partial correlations to test for significant associations.
resultsFT4 (free-thyroxine), FT3 (free-triiodothyronine) levels and FT3/FT4 ratio were not different between patients and controls. Mean TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) was normal in all subjects but significantly higher in the patients (20-49 yrs:3.64 ± 2.74 vs 1.93 ± 1.10, >50 yrs:3.93 ± 2.84 vs 1.91 ± 0.90). Antibodies (TgAb,TPOAb) were higher in patients. Global cognitive function (MMSE-Mini mental state examination), conceptual tracking (TMT-Trail Making Test:A/B), verbal divergent thinking (like Phonemic fluency test), and anxiety and depression scores were significantly worse in patients vs controls. QoL was impaired in patients. there was a significant negative correlation between antibodies (TPOAb, TgAb) and quality in life (total SF36 score).
conclusionPatients on long-term levothyroxine replacement show persistent impairments in both cognitive functioning and general well-being.
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Registered trials
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