ArticleHeredity2019
Evolution of MHC class I genes in Eurasian badgers, genus Meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae).
Article in Heredity, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Climate factors and selection shape MHC class II diversity in a montane wild sheep (Ovis ammon).Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Inbreeding does not reduce major histocompatibility complex diversity in the banded mongoose.BMC ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Diversity and evolution of the MHC class II DRB gene in the Capra sibirica experienced a demographic fluctuation in China.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Molecular Characterization of MHC Class I Genes in Four Species of theBioMed research international · 2021Article
- Evolution of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in the sableEcology and evolution · 2020Article
- Origin and evolution of the major histocompatibility complex class I region in eutherian mammals.Ecology and evolution · 2019Article
- Evolution of MHC class I genes in Eurasian badgers, genus Meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae).Heredity · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Because of their role in immune defense against pathogens, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes are useful in evolutionary studies on how wild vertebrates adapt to their environments. We investigated the molecular evolution of MHC class I (MHCI) genes in four closely related species of Eurasian badgers, genus Meles. All four species of badgers showed similarly high variation in MHCI sequences compared to other Carnivora. We identified 7-21 putatively functional MHCI sequences in each of the badger species, and 2-7 sequences per individual, indicating the existence of 1-4 loci. MHCI exon 2 and 3 sequences encoding domains α1 and α2 exhibited different clade topologies in phylogenetic networks. Non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions at codons for antigen-binding sites exceeded synonymous substitutions for domain α1 but not for domain α2, suggesting that the domains α1 and α2 likely had different evolutionary histories in these species. Positive selection and recombination seem to have shaped the variation in domain α2, whereas positive selection was dominant in shaping the variation in domain α1. In the separate phylogenetic analyses for exon 2, exon 3, and intron 2, each showed three clades of Meles alleles, with rampant trans-species polymorphism, indicative of the long-term maintenance of ancestral MHCI polymorphism by balancing selection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.