ArticleMicrobes and infection
Chlamydial plasmid-encoded virulence factor Pgp3 interacts with human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 to modulate immune response.
Article in Microbes and infection. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chlamydia trachomatis orchestrates multifaceted host cell manipulation for immune evasion.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Dual Role of the Endometrial Microbiome-Immune Axis: From Endometrial Homeostasis to Reproductive Disorders.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
- Cathelicidin LL37-loaded extracellular vesicles from Edwardsiella piscicida promote antibacterial and wound-healing activity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Advances in the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Review
- Pathogenic and Protective Roles of Neutrophils inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Infection of human organoids supports an intestinal niche for Chlamydia trachomatis.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Regulation of chlamydial spreading from the small intestine to the large intestine by IL-22-producing CD4Infection and immunity · 2024Article
- The emerging complexity of Chlamydia trachomatis interactions with host cells as revealed by molecular genetic approaches.Current opinion in microbiology · 2023Review
- Chlamydia trachomatis plasmid-encoding Pgp3 protein induces secretion of distinct inflammatory signatures from HeLa cervical epithelial cells.BMC microbiology · 2023Article
- Identification and Characterization of a Novel Cathelicidin fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Tryptophan residue of plasmid-encoded Pgp3 is important forFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Plasmid-mediated virulence inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- Chitosan particle stabilized Pickering emulsion/interleukin-12 adjuvant system for Pgp3 subunit vaccine elicits immune protection against genital chlamydial infection in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- "Iron triangle" of regulating the uterine microecology: Endometrial microbiota, immunity and endometrium.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Efficacy of Pgp3 vaccination forFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Immunopathogenesis of genital Chlamydia infection: insights from mouse models.Pathogens and disease · 2021Review
- Normalization of endometrial histopathology and endometrial NK cells concentration predict successful pregnancy in repeated implantation failure.JBRA assisted reproduction · 2021Article
- Koala cathelicidin PhciCath5 has antimicrobial activity, including against Chlamydia pecorum.PloS one · 2021Article
- Chlamydial-Secreted Protease Chlamydia High Temperature Requirement Protein A (cHtrA) Degrades Human Cathelicidin LL-37 and Suppresses Its Anti-Chlamydial Activity.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We have previously reported that Chlamydia trachomatis plasmid-encoded Pgp3 is able to neutralize anti-chlamydial activity of human cathelicidin peptide LL-37 by binding to and forming stable complex with LL-37. Besides its microbicidal activity, LL-37 also modulates immune response, including inducing cytokine/chemokine production in fibroblast/epithelial cells and recruitment of inflammatory cells. We now report that LL-37 was significantly induced in the genital tracts of women diagnosed positive for C. trachomatis. Both the LL-37-stimulated IL-6/8 production in human endometrial epithelial cells and the LL-37-induced neutrophil chemotaxis were blocked by Pgp3. Interestingly, although Pgp3 itself alone could not induce cytokines in epithelial cell cells, it did so in neutrophils. Importantly, the Pgp3 proinflammatory activity in neutrophils was significantly enhanced by forming complex with LL-37 although LL-37 alone failed to induce cytokine production in neutrophils. Thus, we have demonstrated that Pgp3 can modulate the proinflammatory activities of LL-37 on epithelial cells by forming stable complex with LL-37 but the Pgp3's own proinflammatory activity on myeloid cells is enhanced by forming the same complex. We hypothesize that Chlamydia may use Pgp3 to both block detrimental inflammation for improving its own fitness in the genital tract epithelial tissue and activate myeloid cell-mediated inflammation for potentially promoting spreading between the hosts, the latter of which may inevitably contribute to the development of inflammatory sequelae such as tubal fibrosis.
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