ArticlePLoS genetics2018
Duplication of a Pks gene cluster and subsequent functional diversification facilitate environmental adaptation in Metarhizium species.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-Resistance as a Functional Beacon: Target-Directed Microbial Genome Mining from Classical Discovery to Automated Pipelines.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Evolutionary diversification of polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes in Monascus purpureus strains for exploitation as a molecular factory.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Genome sequencing and functional annotation of Metarhizium anisopliae TNAU-MA-GDU: Insights into virulence mechanisms against Spodoptera frugiperda.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Discovery of a fungal Tc toxin complex and functional mycoserpin through a novel two-by-two comparative genomics approach.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Mr-lac3 and Mr-lcc2 inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Melanin in fungi: advances in structure, biosynthesis, regulation, and metabolic engineering.Microbial cell factories · 2024Review
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- Comparative transcriptome analysis to unveil genes affecting the host cuticle destruction in Metarhizium rileyi.Current genetics · 2023Article
- Establishment of a CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Efficient Knockout System ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Differential Expression of Genes Related to Growth and Aflatoxin Synthesis inFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Host-Pathogen Interactions betweenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- A Novel Nitrogen and Carbon Metabolism Regulatory Cascade Is Implicated in Entomopathogenicity of the Fungus Metarhizium robertsii.mSystems · 2021Article
- Tolerance to Abiotic Factors of Microsclerotia and Mycelial Pellets FromFrontiers in fungal biology · 2021Article
- Review
- A M35 family metalloprotease is required for fungal virulence against insects by inactivating host prophenoloxidases and beyond.Virulence · 2020Article
- Secondary metabolites from hypocrealean entomopathogenic fungi: novel bioactive compounds.Natural product reports · 2020Review
- Biosynthetic gene clusters and the evolution of fungal chemodiversity.Natural product reports · 2020Article
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- RPW8/HR repeats control NLR activation in Arabidopsis thaliana.PLoS genetics · 2019Article
- Horizontal gene transfer allowed the emergence of broad host range entomopathogens.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ecological importance of the duplication and diversification of gene clusters that synthesize secondary metabolites in fungi remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that the duplication and subsequent diversification of a gene cluster produced two polyketide synthase gene clusters in the cosmopolitan fungal genus Metarhizium. Diversification occurred in the promoter regions and the exon-intron structures of the two Pks paralogs (Pks1 and Pks2). These two Pks genes have distinct expression patterns, with Pks1 highly expressed during conidiation and Pks2 highly expressed during infection. Different upstream signaling pathways were found to regulate the two Pks genes. Pks1 is positively regulated by Hog1-MAPK, Slt2-MAPK and Mr-OPY2, while Pks2 is positively regulated by Fus3-MAPK and negatively regulated by Mr-OPY2. Pks1 and Pks2 have been subjected to positive selection and synthesize different secondary metabolites. PKS1 is involved in synthesis of an anthraquinone derivative, and contributes to conidial pigmentation, which plays an important role in fungal tolerance to UV radiation and extreme temperatures. Disruption of the Pks2 gene delayed formation of infectious structures and increased the time taken to kill insects, indicating that Pks2 contributes to pathogenesis. Thus, the duplication of a Pks gene cluster and its subsequent functional diversification has increased the adaptive flexibility of Metarhizium species.
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