Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29957325›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics2018

Impact of altered gingival characteristics on smile esthetics: Laypersons' perspectives by Q sort methodology.

Panchali Batra, Anika Daing, Imam Azam, Ragini Miglani, Ashu Bhardwaj

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In one paragraph

Article in American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  8. The Psychosocial Impact on Gingival Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIGAQ): The Effect of Sociodemographic Variables on Results in a Spanish Adult Population. An Observational and Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2025
    Observational
  9. Review
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  12. Observational
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  16. The influence of age and gender on perception of orofacial esthetics among laypersons in Switzerland.Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry : official publication of the American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry ... [et al.] · 2022
    Observational
  17. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Panchali BatraDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
Anika DaingDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India. Electronic address: anika_doc@yahoo.com.
Imam AzamDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
Ragini MiglaniDepartment of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
Ashu BhardwajDepartment of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionSmile esthetics includes the white esthetics related to the teeth and the pink esthetics related to the mucosa. Many surveys have been conducted to evaluate laypersons' perceptions to altered dental characteristics, but few have focused on the soft tissue factors. This study was designed to determine the perceptions of laypeople to variations in soft tissue esthetics during smile.

methodsAn ideal smile photograph was intentionally altered to produce variations in gingival inflammation, pigmentation, contour, position of free gingival margins (with and without recession), zeniths, and interdental papilla. Sixty-seven images thus produced were rated for attractiveness by 100 laypersons with the Q sort technique.

resultsVariations in interdental papilla (black triangles) were the most negatively ranked gingival factor by laypersons closely followed by color changes of the gingiva due to inflammation and pigmentation. Alteration of gingival contour and gingival zenith had the least impact on smile esthetics, and changes in the free gingival margin with and without recession were moderately perceived. Furthermore, laypersons considered unilateral or asymmetric alterations more unesthetic compared with bilateral or generalized alterations for factors such as free gingival margin without the recession, and color changes caused by inflammation and pigmentation.

conclusionsLaypersons have considerable negative perception to asymmetric gingival alterations and to optical color changes caused due to black triangles, inflammation, and pigmentation of the gingiva. Whereas alteration in gingival contour and zenith have least impact on smile esthetics.

Indexed as

AttitudeEsthetics, DentalSmilingGingivaHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID29957325

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.