Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29956688›Full record

ArticleSaudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden - Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates, 2017-2030.

Khalid Alswat, Abdulrahman A Aljumah, Faisal M Sanai, Faisal Abaalkhail, Mohamed Alghamdi, Waleed K Al Hamoudi, Abdullah Al Khathlan, Huda Al Quraishi, Ahmed Al Rifai, Mohamed Al Zaabi and 4 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · diamondAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 85 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
85citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

85 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 131 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. A Markov Model Unveiling the Impact of Resmetirom on the Natural History of MASLD Patients: A Sistematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Article
  7. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease management in Saudi Arabia: A modified Delphi-based adaptation of international standards.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
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  12. Article
  13. Barriers to liver transplantation in the Arab world.World journal of transplantation · 2025
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. A bibliometric analysis of a decade's research on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in the Arab world.Saudi journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association · 2025
    Article

25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors at 12 institutions in 3 countries.

Khalid AlswatLiver Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman A AljumahHepatology Division, Department of Hepatobiliary Sciences and Organ Transplant Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Faisal M SanaiLiver Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Faisal AbaalkhailDepartment of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center-Riyadh; Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed AlghamdiDepartment of Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Waleed K Al HamoudiLiver Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University; Department of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Division of Organ Transplant Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center-Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah Al KhathlanGastroenterology Section, Department of Medicine, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Huda Al QuraishiGastroenterology Unit, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Ahmed Al RifaiGastroenterology Division, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Mohamed Al ZaabiDepartment of Gastroenterology, Zayed Military Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Mohamed A BabatinDepartment of Medicine, Gastroenterology Unit, King Fahad Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Chris EstesCenter for Disease Analysis, Lafayette, Colorado, USA.
Almoutaz HashimDepartment of Internal Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Homie RazaviCenter for Disease Analysis, Lafayette, Colorado, USA.
Center for Disease Analysis · USKing Saud University · SAAlfaisal University · SAKing Fahad Hospital Jeddah · SAKing Fahd Medical City · SAKing Fahd Military Medical Complex · SAKing Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre · SAKing Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences · SAMafraq Hospital · AERashid Hospital · AEUniversity of Jeddah · SAZayed Military Hospital · AE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background/Aim: Due to epidemic levels of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will be driving factors in liver disease burden in the coming years in Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates (UAE). Materials and Methods: Models were used to estimate NAFLD and NASH disease progression, primarily based on changes in adult prevalence rates of adult obesity and DM. The published estimates and expert interviews were used to build and validate the model projections. Results: In both countries, the prevalence of NAFLD increased through 2030 parallel to projected increases in the prevalence of obesity and DM. By 2030, there were an estimated 12,534,000 NAFLD cases in Saudi Arabia and 372,000 cases in UAE. Increases in NASH cases were relatively greater than the NAFLD cases due to aging of the population and disease progression. Likewise, prevalent cases of compensated cirrhosis and advanced liver disease are projected to at least double by 2030, while annual incident liver deaths increase in both countries to 4800 deaths in Saudi Arabia and 140 deaths in UAE. Conclusions: Continued high rates of adult obesity and DM, in combination with aging populations, suggest that advanced liver disease and mortality attributable to NAFLD/NASH will increase across both countries. Reducing the growth of the NAFLD population, along with potential therapeutic options, will be needed to reduce liver disease burden.

Indexed as

AdultCost of IllnessDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Disease ProgressionFemaleFibrosisHumansLiverLiver DiseasesMaleMetabolic SyndromeMiddle AgedNon-alcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseObesityPrevalenceSaudi ArabiaBurden of diseasecardiovascular diseasecirrhosisdecompensated cirrhosishealthcare resource utilizationhepatocellular carcinomametabolic syndromenonalcoholic fatty livernonalcoholic fatty liver diseasenonalcoholic steatohepatitisobesitytype 2 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID29956688
PMCPMC6080149
OpenAlexW2809753789

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.