ArticleAnnals of translational medicine2018
Time-varying covariates and coefficients in Cox regression models.
Article in Annals of translational medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06666647 (Ambulance and Helicopter Response Times in Danish Emergency Medical Services), which is not on this map. Cited by 416 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ambulance and Helicopter Response Times in Danish Emergency Medical Services: Protocol for an Epidemiological Study. The AHRTEMIS Study
Who cites it
416 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
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- Prediction models for identifying medication overuse or medication overuse headache in migraine patients: a systematic review.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Pooled it
- Impact of temporary atezolizumab and bevacizumab interruption on survival in advanced HCC: an IMbrave150 analysis.The oncologist · 2025Trial
- Cognitive impairment and hospital admission risk among community-dwelling adults in the MAUCO cohort.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Incidence of Gastrointestinal Adverse Events and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Patients Using Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analogs: A Real-World Study.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Deep learning survival analysis with time-varying covariates: extending PyCox to assess COVID-19 antiviral treatments and long-COVID associations.JAMIA open · 2026Article
- Association between exposure to indoor PMBMC public health · 2026Article
- Tumor subtype-specific transcriptional signatures predict recurrence risk in hepatocellular carcinoma.BMB reports · 2026Article
- Multivariate Survival Analysis of a Comprehensive Clinical Trial of Rapamycin in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Explores Prognostic Factors and Survival Patterns in C9orf72 Carriers.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Impact of vigabatrin on risk of relapse of infantile spasms.Epilepsia open · 2026Article
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- Comparative Effectiveness of Fixed and Standard RUTF Dosing Protocols for Treatment of Uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition in Afghanistan.Maternal & child nutrition · 2026Article
- Psychiatric morbidity following liothyronine exposure in autoimmune hypothyroidism: a Swedish nationwide cohort study.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Real-world switching and switch-back patterns among patients transitioning from adalimumab to biosimilars in the United States (February 2023 to August 2025).Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- Association between risk-related lifestyle factors, screening adherence and breast cancer incidence: a decomposition analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Associations between adverse childhood experiences and progression to incident psychiatric disorders in older adults: A 22-year cohort study.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Sex-specific clinical profiles and long-term outcomes in adolescents and young people at clinical high risk for psychosis: Findings from the PARMS program.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
356 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Time-varying covariance occurs when a covariate changes over time during the follow-up period. Such variable can be analyzed with the Cox regression model to estimate its effect on survival time. For this it is essential to organize the data in a counting process style. In situations when the proportional hazards assumption of the Cox regression model does not hold, we say that the effect of the covariate is time-varying. The proportional hazards assumption can be tested by examining the residuals of the model. The rejection of the null hypothesis induces the use of time varying coefficient to describe the data. The time varying coefficient can be described with a step function or a parametric time function. This article aims to illustrate how to carry out statistical analyses in the presence of time-varying covariates or coefficients with R.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.