Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29955090›Full record

SynthesisSpinal cord2018

Risk factors for dysphagia after a spinal cord injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

J Iruthayarajah, A McIntyre, M Mirkowski, P Welch-West, E Loh, R Teasell

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Spinal cord, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Review
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

J IruthayarajahLawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada. Jerome.Iruthayarajah@sjhc.london.on.ca.
A McIntyreLawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0992-0909
M MirkowskiLawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6263-7750
P Welch-WestParkwood Institute, St. Joseph's Health Care London, London, ON, Canada.
E LohLawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada.
R TeasellLawson Health Research Institute, Parkwood Institute, London, ON, Canada.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

STUDY

designSystematic review and meta-analysis.

objectiveTo determine the risk factors predictive of dysphagia after a spinal cord injury (SCI).

settingNone.

methodsA comprehensive literature search was performed in five scientific databases for English articles that identified risk factors for dysphagia after a SCI in adult (≥19 years) individuals. Data extracted included: author name, year and country of publication, participant demographics, sample size, study design, method of dysphagia diagnosis, and risk factor percentages. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. For identified risk factors, risk percentages were transformed into risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Quantitative synthesis was performed for risk factors reported in two or more studies using restricted maximum-likelihood estimator random effects models.

resultsEleven studies met inclusion criteria of which ten studies were of moderate quality (n = 10). Significant risk factors included: age, injury severity, level of injury, presence of tracheostomy, coughing, voice quality, bronchoscopy need, pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, nasogastric tubes, comorbid injury, and a cervical surgery. Results of the quantitative synthesis indicated that the presence of a tracheostomy posed a threefold greater risk of the development of dysphagia (RR: 3.67); while, cervical surgery posed a 1.3 times greater risk of the development of dysphagia (RR: 1.30).

conclusionsKnowledge of these risk factors can be a resource for clinicians in the early diagnosis and appropriate medical management of dysphagia post SCI.

Indexed as

Deglutition DisordersHumansRisk FactorsSpinal Cord Injuries

Identifiers

PMID29955090

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.