Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29954698›Full record

ArticleSchizophrenia research2018

Impaired associative inference in the early stage of psychosis.

Kristan Armstrong, Suzanne Avery, Jenni U Blackford, Neil Woodward, Stephan Heckers

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Schizophrenia research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.0field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Evidence for shallow cognitive maps in schizophrenia.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Reduced grid-like theta modulation in schizophrenia.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
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  15. Article
  16. Disrupted Habituation in the Early Stage of Psychosis.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2019
    Article
  17. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kristan ArmstrongVanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA. Electronic address: kristan.armstrong@vanderbilt.edu.
Suzanne AveryVanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.
Jenni U BlackfordVanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.
Neil WoodwardVanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.
Stephan HeckersVanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA.
Vanderbilt University Medical Center · US

Funding

The Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (VICTR)UL1TR000445 · NCATS · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BERNARD, GORDON RAPHAEL · 2012 to 2016
$41.4M
Imaging Hippocampal Function in PsychosisR01MH070560 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI HECKERS, STEPHAN · 2005 to 2025
$7.2M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000445NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH070560
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Relational memory is impaired in chronic schizophrenia. It is unclear if similar deficits are already present in the early stage of psychosis. We used the Associative Inference Paradigm to test relational memory ability in the early stage of a non-affective psychotic disorder. Eighty-two early stage psychosis patients and 67 healthy control subjects were trained on 3 sets of 30 paired associates: H-F1 (house paired with face), H-F2 (same house paired with new face), F3-F4 (two new faces). Subjects who reached 80% recall accuracy of the paired associates during training were then tested for their ability to recall the previously seen pairs and solve a novel, inferential pairing F1-F2 (faces linked through association to same house). Sixty early psychosis patients (73%) and 67 healthy control subjects (100%) successfully reached the accuracy threshold (80%) during training and were included in the analysis of relational memory. The early stage psychosis patients showed less of an associative inference effect than the healthy controls (pair type by group interaction: F (1,125) = 5.04, p < 0.05). However, the majority of early psychosis patients (52%) displayed intact inferential memory, compared to our prior study which revealed just 16% of chronic schizophrenia patients had intact inferential memory. Patients in the early stage of psychosis show a relational memory deficit, although less pronounced than in chronic schizophrenia. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the progression of relational memory deficits in schizophrenia and its associations with clinical, functional, and biological measures.

Indexed as

AdultAssociation LearningFemaleHumansMaleMental RecallPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaThinkingYoung AdultAssociative inferenceEarly stage psychosisEpisodic memoryRelational memorySchizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID29954698
PMCPMC6767612
OpenAlexW2811204473

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.