Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29954373›Full record

ReviewBMC psychiatry2018

Best practice framework for Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in collaborative data analysis of qualitative mental health research: methodology development and refinement.

Helen Jennings, Mike Slade, Peter Bates, Emma Munday, Rebecca Toney

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMC psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement in a doctoral research project exploring self-harm in older adults.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2019
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Meta-Research on the Science of Lived Experience Engagement in Mental Health and Substance Use Health Research: A Scoping Review and Qualitative Synthesis.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Public and Patient Involvement and Engagement in Clinical Trials: A Multi-Perspective Mixed-Methods Evaluation of the ROWTATE Programme.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Co-Design of a New Integrated Care Model With People Affected by Huntington's Disease: A Mixed Methods Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Research in Partnership With Older People-Involvement in Conducting and Analysing Focus Groups.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025
    Observational
  20. Review

23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Helen JenningsDepartment of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, York St. John University, York, UK.
Mike SladeSchool of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK. m.slade@nottingham.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0001-7020-3434
Peter BatesPeter Bates Associates Ltd, Nottingham, UK.
Emma MundayRECOLLECT Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Nottingham, UK.
Rebecca ToneySchool of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham, NG7 2TU, UK.

Funding

Department of Health RP-DG-0615-10008
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPatient and Public Involvement (PPI) in mental health research is increasing, especially in early (pre-funding) stages. PPI is less consistent in later stages, including in analysing qualitative data. The aims of this study were to develop a methodology for involving PPI co-researchers in collaboratively analysing qualitative mental health research data with academic researchers, to pilot and refine this methodology, and to create a best practice framework for collaborative data analysis (CDA) of qualitative mental health research.

methodsIn the context of the RECOLLECT Study of Recovery Colleges, a critical literature review of collaborative data analysis studies was conducted, to identify approaches and recommendations for successful CDA. A CDA methodology was developed and then piloted in RECOLLECT, followed by refinement and development of a best practice framework.

resultsFrom 10 included publications, four CDA approaches were identified: (1) consultation, (2) development, (3) application and (4) development and application of coding framework. Four characteristics of successful CDA were found: CDA process is co-produced; CDA process is realistic regarding time and resources; demands of the CDA process are manageable for PPI co-researchers; and group expectations and dynamics are effectively managed. A four-meeting CDA process was piloted to co-produce a coding framework based on qualitative data collected in RECOLLECT and to create a mental health service user-defined change model relevant to Recovery Colleges. Formal and informal feedback demonstrated active involvement. The CDA process involved an extra 80 person-days of time (40 from PPI co-researchers, 40 from academic researchers). The process was refined into a best practice framework comprising Preparation, CDA and Application phases.

conclusionsThis study has developed a typology of approaches to collaborative analysis of qualitative data in mental health research, identified from available evidence the characteristics of successful involvement, and developed, piloted and refined the first best practice framework for collaborative analysis of qualitative data. This framework has the potential to support meaningful PPI in data analysis in the context of qualitative mental health research studies, a previously neglected yet central part of the research cycle.

Indexed as

Data AnalysisQualitative ResearchHumansMental HealthMental Health ServicesPatient ParticipationPublic Health PracticeResearch DesignResearch PersonnelSocial BehaviorCollaborative data analysisCo-productionMental health researchPatient and public involvement (PPI)Qualitative

Identifiers

PMID29954373
PMCPMC6022311

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.