ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2018
High-accuracy determination of internal circadian time from a single blood sample.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 145 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Innovations in Biological Rhythms in the Context of Mental Health: Effectiveness of New Technologies and Exposure to Different Lighting Patterns in Women During the Postpartum Period
A Pilot Trial of Bright Light Therapy in Patients Receiving First Line Immune Checkpoint Blockade
Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Challenges and Recommendations for Integrating Circadian Medicine in Critical Care: A Roadmap.Chest · 2026Guideline
- Chronotype in Patients With Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease: A Systematic Review.Journal of biological rhythms · 2023Pooled it
- Association between dim light melatonin onset predicted from gene expression profiles with sleep time and chronotype preference: A pilot study.Chronobiology international · 2025Trial
- Circadian clock disruption impairs immune oscillation in chronic endogenous hypercortisolism: a multi-level analysis from a multicentre clinical trial.EBioMedicine · 2024Trial
- ABCC1 modulates negative feedback control of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in vivo in humans.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2022Trial
- Identification of a Preliminary Plasma Metabolome-based Biomarker for Circadian Phase in Humans.Journal of biological rhythms · 2021Trial
- Investigating circadian clock gene expression in human tendon biopsies from acute exercise and immobilization studies.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Trial
- BMAL1 in cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms, circadian regulation and translational perspectives (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Unlocking the clock: a systematic review and meta-analysis on optimizing immune checkpoint inhibitor timing for advanced solid tumors.British journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Chronotherapy in Oncology: Aligning Cancer Treatment with Biological Time.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Chronotherapy in Hematological Malignancies: Evaluating the Rationale and Evidence.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2026Review
- Beyond Screen Time: A Measurement Framework for Behavioral Exposures in Childhood Myopia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Circadian engineering of in vivo CAR T cell therapy for precision oncology.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- Small-Molecule Modulation of the Circadian Clock in Cancer and Aging.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Translational applications of circadian research: connecting chronobiology to medicine.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Review
- Transcriptional noise sets fundamental limits to decoding circadian clock phase from single-cell RNA snapshots.iScience · 2026Article
- A temporal dialogue between the circadian clock and chronic inflammatory diseases.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- HairTime: A noninvasive assay for estimating circadian phase from a single hair sample.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The Interplay Between Circadian Clocks and the Tumour Microenvironment in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Research priorities to improve classification of sleep-wake disorders.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2026Review
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe circadian clock is a fundamental and pervasive biological program that coordinates 24-hour rhythms in physiology, metabolism, and behavior, and it is essential to health. Whereas therapy adapted to time of day is increasingly reported to be highly successful, it needs to be personalized, since internal circadian time is different for each individual. In addition, internal time is not a stable trait, but is influenced by many factors, including genetic predisposition, age, sex, environmental light levels, and season. An easy and convenient diagnostic tool is currently missing.
methodsTo establish a validated test, we followed a 3-stage biomarker development strategy: (a) using circadian transcriptomics of blood monocytes from 12 individuals in a constant routine protocol combined with machine learning approaches, we identified biomarkers for internal time; and these biomarkers (b) were migrated to a clinically relevant gene expression profiling platform (NanoString) and (c) were externally validated using an independent study with 28 early or late chronotypes.
resultsWe developed a highly accurate and simple assay (BodyTime) to estimate the internal circadian time in humans from a single blood sample. Our assay needs only a small set of blood-based transcript biomarkers and is as accurate as the current gold standard method, dim-light melatonin onset, at smaller monetary, time, and sample-number cost.
conclusionThe BodyTime assay provides a new diagnostic tool for personalization of health care according to the patient's circadian clock.
fundingThis study was supported by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Germany (FKZ: 13N13160 and 13N13162) and Intellux GmbH, Germany.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.