ArticleAnesthesia progress2018
The Effect of Adding Midazolam to Propofol Intravenous Sedation to Suppress Gag Reflex During Dental Treatment.
Article in Anesthesia progress, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gag reflex management in dental practice: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2025.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Low-Dose Intranasal Midazolam for Severe Gag Reflex in Endodontic Patients: A Retrospective Case Series Study.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2026Article
- Association between dental anxiety, hypersensitive gag reflex, and sedative drug requirements during intravenous dental sedation.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Comparison of Anesthetic Features in Diazepam and Midazolam for Sedation Dentistry: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Safety and Satisfaction Analysis of Intravenous and Inhalational Conscious Sedation in a Geriatric Population Undergoing Oral Surgery.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Propofol alone versus midazolam plus propofol for sedation in outpatient endoscopic procedures: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- An Overview about New Methods in Management of Gag Reflex during Dental Treatment: A Systematic Review.Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran) · 2023Review
- Moderate sedation by total intravenous remimazolam-alfentanil vs. propofol-alfentanil for third molar extraction: A prospective randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Exploring the Role of Amitriptyline in Modulating Gag Reflex Sensitivity.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRArticle
- The 4P Strategy for Managing Hypersensitive Gag Reflex: A Case Report and Clinical Guide.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We retrospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of propofol administration alone and in combination with midazolam for gag reflex suppression during dental treatment under intravenous sedation. We included 56 patients with an overactive gag reflex who were to undergo dental treatment under intravenous sedation. They were divided into propofol (P group, n = 22) and midazolam with propofol (MP group, n = 34) groups. The P group received propofol alone, while the MP group received midazolam (0.04 mg/kg) prior to target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol (titrated for adequate sedation). The patients' anesthetic records were evaluated for vital sign changes, adverse cardiovascular or respiratory event frequency, the number of forced treatment interruptions, and the TCI-predicted cerebral propofol concentration at gag reflex suppression (posterior tongue stimulation with a dental mirror). No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups preoperatively. There were no cases of forced interruptions or significant respiratory compromise in either group. Cardiovascular adverse event frequency was lower in the MP group than in the P group (all p < .05). Our results suggest that propofol, when combined with midazolam, minimized cardiovascular effects compared with propofol alone when used to suppress the gag reflex in patients during dental treatment under intravenous sedation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.