ArticleEFORT open reviews2018
Open fractures of the lower extremity: Current management and clinical outcomes.
Article in EFORT open reviews, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 150 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing External Fixation to Intramedullary Nailing in the Treatment of Open Tibial Fractures.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Pooled it
- Emergency Medicine Management of Distal Radius and Ulna Fractures: Narrative Review.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Orthoplastic soft tissue management in lower limb open tibial fractures based on the angiosome concept: a narrative review.EFORT open reviews · 2026Review
- Early prophylactic antibiotics effect on infection rate in blunt open fractures.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Article
- Open Tibial Fractures Part 2: A Narrative Review of Definitive Treatment and Potential Applicability to the Southern African Context.Orthopedic research and reviews · 2026Review
- Predictors of surgical site infection/fracture related infection after open tibial fracture.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Traumatic Lower Extremity Amputation: Medical and Social Comorbidities.Cureus · 2025Article
- Strategies for Assessment and Decision Making in Complex Limb Fracture Management: A Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Article
- [High commitment despite high task load: work-related evaluation in the implementation of a virtual multidisciplinary limb board].Unfallchirurgie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Infection, Healing, and Cost in Open Fractures: A Review of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy.Cureus · 2025Review
- High rates of reoperation following operative fixation of open patella fractures.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2025Article
- A Critical Review of Commercial Collagen-Based Scaffolds in Bone Regeneration: Functional Properties and Clinical Evidence from InfuseJournal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Epidemiology and Management of Ankle Fractures Prior to, During, and Following the COVID-19 Pandemic in an Italian Tertiary Hospital.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- A matched comparison of suprapatellar and infrapatellar approaches in intramedullary nailing for distal tibial fractures: a study of alignment including rotation and mid-term outcomes.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2025Article
- Overcoming the detrimental impact of volumetric muscle loss on segmental fracture healing via the induced membrane technique.Bone & joint research · 2025Article
- Revisiting the OTA-OFC: a systematic review of open fracture classification studies since 2010.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2025Article
- Assessment of applicability of Ganga Hospital Score in the management of open tibia fracture.Bone & joint open · 2025Article
- Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Open fractures of the lower extremity are the most common open long bone injuries, yet their management remains a topic of debate.This article discusses the basic tenets of management and the subsequent impact on clinical outcome. These include the rationale for initial debridement, antimicrobial cover, addressing the soft-tissue injury and definitive skeletal management.The classification of injury severity continues to be a useful tool in guiding treatment and predicting outcome and prognosis. The Gustilo-Anderson classification continues to be the mainstay, but the adoption of severity scores such as the Ganga Hospital score may provide additional predictive utility.Recent literature has challenged the perceived need for rapid debridement within 6 hours and the rationale for prolonged antibiotic therapy in the open fracture. The choice of definitive treatment must be decided against known efficacy and injury severity/type.Recent data demonstrate better outcomes with internal fixation methods in most open tibial fractures, but external fixation continues to be an appropriate choice in more severe injuries. The incidence of infection and non-union has decreased with new treatment approaches but continues to be a source of significant morbidity and mortality.Assessment of functional outcome using various measures has been prevalent in the literature, but there is limited consensus regarding the best measures to be used. Cite this article:
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