ArticleAnnals of the rheumatic diseases2018
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis prevents severe/life-threatening infections following rituximab in antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis.
Article in Annals of the rheumatic diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Pooled it
- Evidence-Based Guideline for the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2023Guideline
- Cotrimoxazole for infection prevention in glomerulonephritis treated with rituximab: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy Versus Antibiotic Prophylaxis as Treatment for Incomplete Primary Antibody Deficiency.Journal of clinical immunology · 2021Trial
- Infection prophylaxis following anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies in childhood kidney diseases.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Intensive Care Management of ANCA-associated Vasculitides: a Narrative Review.Current rheumatology reports · 2026Review
- Bactrim Efficacy in Preventing Infections in Glomerular Diseases Receiving Rituximab.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a risk score for serious infection in patients with rheumatic diseases receiving prolonged high-dose glucocorticoids.Arthritis research & therapy · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in US Medicare Beneficiaries Receiving Immunosuppressants for Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2026Article
- Infections and hypogammaglobulinemia in myasthenia gravis patients receiving low-dose rituximab: a real-world cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and the risk of early severe infection in elderly-onset myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis.BMC nephrology · 2025Observational
- Antibiotics for Rheumatologic Diseases: A Critical Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Time-Dependent Effect of Prophylactic Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole on the Incidence of Serious Infections in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis: A Target Trial Emulation Study.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Observational
- Aging in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Management.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Review
- Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis and serious infections in granulomatosis with polyangiitis treated with rituximab.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Top ten tips in managing ANCA vasculitis.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Review
- Risk of hospitalization with infection in adults with primary AIHA treated with rituximab: a French nationwide study.Blood advances · 2025Article
- Risk of pulmonary fungal infections associated with biologics: a FAERS database disproportionality analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to assess risk factors for the development of severe infection in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis (AAV) receiving rituximab.
methods192 patients with AAV were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors for severe infection following rituximab. Severe infections were classified as grade ≥3 as proposed by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events V.4.0.
results95 severe infections were recorded in 49 (25.52%) patients, corresponding to an event rate of 26.06 per 100 person-years. The prophylactic use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was associated with a lower frequency of severe infections (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.69), while older age (HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.05), endobronchial involvement (HR 2.21, 95% CI 1.14 to 4.26), presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 6.30, 95% CI 1.08 to 36.75) and previous alemtuzumab use (HR 3.97, 95% CI 1.50 to 10.54) increased the risk. When analysis was restricted to respiratory tract infections (66.3% of all infections), endobronchial involvement (HR 4.27, 95% CI 1.81 to 10.06), severe bronchiectasis (HR 6.14, 95% CI 1.18 to 31.91), higher neutrophil count (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.33) and major relapse (HR 3.07, 95% CI 1.30 to 7.23) as indication for rituximab use conferred a higher risk, while refractory disease (HR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.90) as indication had a lower frequency of severe infections.
conclusionsWe found severe infections in one quarter of patients with AAV receiving rituximab. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis reduced the risk, while especially bronchiectasis and endobronchial involvement are risk factors for severe respiratory infections.
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