ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2018
PPARγ Expression Is Diminished in Macrophages of Recurrent Miscarriage Placentas.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predicting Miscarriage Risk Based on Periodontal and Hematological Parameters Using Artificial Neural Network and XGBoost Models.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Driving tumor-associated macrophages to a CXCL9Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- CD36: bridging metabolism, inflammation, and reproduction.npj metabolic health and disease · 2026Review
- Macrophage efferocytosis in pregnancy and pregnancy complications.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Review
- Are Inflammatory Markers and Periodontitis Effective in Predicting Miscarriage?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hsa-miR-194-5p regulates TRAF6-mediated M1 macrophage apoptosis in recurrent spontaneous abortion.Journal of molecular histology · 2025Article
- Placental malaria infection is associated with downregulation of STAT-6 and ANG-1 in decidual macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- A Hypoxia-Decidual Macrophage Regulatory Axis in Normal Pregnancy and Spontaneous Miscarriage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Decidual macrophage: a reversible role in immunotolerance between mother and fetus during pregnancy.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Review
- JPT2 Affects Trophoblast Functions and Macrophage Polarization and Metabolism, and Acts as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Biomarkers for Diagnosing and Treating Fetal Growth Restriction.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Increase of the T-reg-recruiting chemokine CCL22 expression in a progressive course of cervical dysplasia.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- Downregulation of EZH2 in Trophoblasts Induces Decidual M1 Macrophage Polarization: a Potential Cause of Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2022Article
- LINC00240/miR-155 axis regulates function of trophoblasts and M2 macrophage polarization via modulating oxidative stress-induced pyroptosis in preeclampsia.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Article
- Identification and ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical detection of LncNR_040117: a biomarker of recurrent miscarriage and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in platelet-derived microparticles.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Article
- Isolation of Decidual Macrophages and Hofbauer Cells from Term Placenta-Comparison of the Expression of CD163 and CD80.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Identification and validation of a signature based on macrophage cell marker genes to predict recurrent miscarriage by integrated analysis of single-cell and bulk RNA-sequencing.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4 (EP4) Affects Trophoblast Functions via Activating the cAMP-PKA-pCREB Signaling Pathway at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Contribution of macrophages to fetomaternal immunological tolerance.Human immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PPARγ belongs to the group of nuclear receptors which is expressed in the trophoblast and together with other factors is responsible for the maintenance of pregnancy. Apart from that PPARγ is also a main factor for macrophage polarization. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined expression pattern and frequency of PPARγ under physiological circumstances and in spontaneous and recurrent miscarriages in the trophoblast and in maternal macrophages of the decidua. Human placental tissues of the first trimester (15 physiologic pregnancies, 15 spontaneous abortion and 16 recurrent miscarriage placentas) were analyzed for expression of the nuclear receptor PPARγ. Expression changes were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR (RT-PCR) in trophoblast and in maternal macrophages of the decidua. Maternal macrophages were identified by double immunofluorescence using cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) as marker for macrophages and further characterized regarding their M1/M2 polarization status. The intermediate villous trophoblast revealed a significantly lower PPARγ expression in spontaneous and recurrent abortion. Maternal macrophages express PPARγ. Their number is significantly enhanced in the decidua of spontaneous miscarriages whereas in recurrent miscarriages maternal macrophages seem to express PPARγ only in very few cases. PPARγ is associated with an M2 polarization state that is common for decidual macrophages. The lack of PPARγ in recurrent miscarriage decidual macrophages seems to be associated with a specific inflammatory response against the fetus.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.