Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29949130›Full record

ArticleEating and weight disorders : EWD2020

Improving the overall sustainability of the school meal chain: the role of portion sizes.

C M Balzaretti, V Ventura, S Ratti, G Ferrazzi, A Spallina, M O Carruba, M Castrica

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Eating and weight disorders : EWD, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Role of Portion Size in the Context of a Healthy, Balanced Diet: A Case Study of European Countries.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Observational
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Health and Sustainability in Public Meals-An Explorative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Review
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

C M BalzarettiDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
V VenturaDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. vera.ventura@unimi.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-9319
S RattiDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
G FerrazziDepartment of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
A SpallinaDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
M O CarrubaDepartment of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for the Study and Research on Obesity, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
M CastricaDepartment of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis work analyses the meal supply in primary schools in Italy to highlight new areas of inefficiency upstream of the food chain, regarding the size of the food portions specified in public tenders. A lack of conformity of food portions can potentially lead to a double negative externality affecting the sustainability of school meals: overweight children and food waste.

methodBased on the data contained in the contract between municipalities and school catering services, the analysis was performed on the portion sizes (in grams) of the main food products included in the school menu for each regional capital (RC) in Italy. Data analysis regarded two main aspects: consistency of food portions within regions and adherence to national standards for childrens.

resultsThe results revealed great discrepancies amongst regions and in several cases, portion sizes significantly larger than the reference values of standard portions for school catering. The study also profiles RC on the basis of portion sizes, school meal attendance, and childhood obesity rates.

conclusionsSchool meals have the potential to educate the next generation regarding healthy eating habits, and thus play a leading role in obesity prevention in children. Similarly, the educational role of eating at school can contribute to raising children's awareness about one of the most urgent environmental challenges-food waste-by introducing the best strategies for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling. Results have economic, social, health, and environmental implications and highlight the need to revisit policies to introduce new solutions for more sustainable and healthy school canteens in Italy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V, descriptive studies.

Indexed as

MealsPortion SizeSchoolsChildFeeding BehaviorFemaleHumansItalyMalePediatric ObesityChildhood obesityFood wastePortion sizeSchool mealsSustainable public procurement

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.