SynthesisEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2019
Treatment of child externalizing behavior problems: a comprehensive review and meta-meta-analysis on effects of parent-based interventions on parental characteristics.
Synthesis in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Positive and negative parenting practices and offspring disruptive behavior: A meta-analytic review of quasi-experimental evidence.Psychological bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Research Review: Mechanisms of change and between-family differences in parenting interventions for children with ADHD - an individual participant data meta-analysis.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Training in Improving Outcomes for Dialysis Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Virtual Reality Training on Upper Limb Function and Balance in Stroke Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Pooled it
- Theories of Change and Mediators of Psychotherapy Effectiveness in Adolescents With Externalising Behaviours: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Meta-meta-analysis on the effectiveness of parent-based interventions for the treatment of child externalizing behavior problems.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Who Benefits More in Group-Based and Individual Telehealth Parenting Programs: Moderators and Distal Child Outcomes among Military Families.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Trial
- Cultural Adaptation of RUBI Intervention with Korean Families (K-RUBI): A Mixed Method Study.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Trial
- An internet-based parent management training program (Net PAMA) improves parenting outcomes in a multicenter randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Parent training tailored for parents with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial.BMC psychiatry · 2025Trial
- What drives change in children receiving telephone-delivered Common Elements Treatment Approach (t-CETA)? A multiple n = 1 study with Syrian refugee children and adolescents in Lebanon.Child abuse & neglect · 2025Trial
- Parent Management Training Combined with Group-CBT Compared to Parent Management Training Only for Oppositional Defiant Disorder Symptoms: 2-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Trial
- Parent training in non-violent resistance for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a controlled outcome study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of an Internet-Based and Telephone-Assisted Training for Parents of 4-Year-Old Children With Disruptive Behavior: Implementation Research.Journal of medical Internet research · 2022Trial
- A Person-Centred Approach to Determine the Links Between Parent Mental Health, Behavior and Family Functioning with Child Irritability.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Predictors of Outcomes of Parent Training Targeting Disruptive Behavior in Children Aged 4 Years at 6-Month Follow-Up: Results From a Large Prospective Cohort Implementation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- DBT skills + parent training for preschool parents with emotion dysregulation and substance misuse.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2026Article
- The feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a brief behavioral parenting group program delivered through telehealth.Child & youth care forum · 2026Article
- Article
- Disruptive Child Behavior and Income Inequality: Examining Long-term Maintenance of Family Income Levels in Families Receiving Parent-Training.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This is the first meta-meta-analysis examining the effects of parent-based interventions for children with externalizing behavior problems on parental characteristics (parenting, parental perceptions, parental mental health, parental relationship quality). Parent training interventions are recognized as evidence-based interventions for the treatment of externalizing behavior problems, although meta-analytic effects are heterogeneous. The objective of the present study was to comprehensively combine meta-analytic results on parent training interventions to arrive at valid effect predictions. Electronic databases were searched (PsycINFO, Medline, PubMed). In total, 11 meta-analyses were included that mainly comprised parents of children under the age of 13 years. Analyses were based on random effects models. Effect estimates were transformed to standardized mean differences (SMD) and corrected for primary study overlap. Results revealed a significant moderate overall effect for parenting (SMD 0.53) as well as for parents' report of parenting (SMD 0.60) and parental perceptions (SMD 0.52). Effects remained stable to follow-up. Results for observational data, parental mental health and parental relationship quality were small and only partially significant. Considerable heterogeneity within results was revealed. Overall, parent training interventions proved to be effective in improving parental characteristics for parents of children with externalizing behavior problems. Effectiveness was stronger regarding characteristics explicitly targeted by interventions. The findings should encourage health-care providers to apply evidence-based parent training interventions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.