ReviewFrontiers in immunology2018
Glucocorticoids, Sex Hormones, and Immunity.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 255 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nano intervention in topical delivery of corticosteroid for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis-a systematic review.Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Why does COVID-19 kill more elderly men than women? Is there a role for testosterone?Andrology · 2021Pooled it
- A Women-Centered Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive Symptoms (the 3D Program): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Systemic testosterone induces structural, immunological, and sex steroid receptor changes in human XX skin.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Exploring Risk Factors and Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Current Evidence.Cells · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial Function Under Combined Oral Contraceptive Exposure in a Neuroblastoma Model: A Preliminary Investigation.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- The current state of systemic lupus erythematosus care in the Philippines: a narrative review.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Review
- Human pneumovirus induces IFN-dependent expression of the immune-responsive gene 1 and is inhibited by 4-octyl itaconate in human macrophages.NAR molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Preliminary reference range for B cell subpopulations in peripheral blood of healthy Malaysian children aged 2-15 years.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integration of epidemiological surveys, network pharmacology, and molecular docking simulation to explore the potential key targets of propofol-induced euphoria.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Association of Menopause and Hormonal Contraceptive Use With Chronic Rhinosinusitis: An "All of Us" Analysis.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Genome-wide association study of atopic and autoimmune comorbidities in alopecia areata.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neurocysticercosis Is the Result of the Interplay between Parasites, Hormones, and Inflammation.Neuroimmunomodulation · 2026Review
- Metabolism of myeloid cells in brain tumors.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Viral infections in solid organ transplant recipients: immunological principles and intervention strategies.American journal of translational research · 2026Review
- Biological Sex and Chronic Rhinosinusitis Diagnosis and Biomarkers.JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery · 2026Article
- An orthogonal approach for analysis of underivatized steroid hormones using ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS).Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Aptamer-Based Biosensors for Rapid Detection and Early Warning of Food Contaminants: From Selection to Field Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Aging Leads to Altered Physiological Reactivity in Response to Repeated Social Separation Stress in a Nonhuman Primate Model.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors co-regulate acrolein-induced respiratory and systemic homeostatic stress responses.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2025Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones regulate essential body functions in mammals, control cell metabolism, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Importantly, they are potent suppressors of inflammation, and multiple immune-modulatory mechanisms involving leukocyte apoptosis, differentiation, and cytokine production have been described. Due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive activity, synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most prescribed drugs used for treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. It is long been noted that males and females exhibit differences in the prevalence in several autoimmune diseases (AD). This can be due to the role of sexual hormones in regulation of the immune responses, acting through their endogenous nuclear receptors to mediate gene expression and generate unique gender-specific cellular environments. Given the fact that GCs are the primary physiological anti-inflammatory hormones, and that sex hormones may also exert immune-modulatory functions, the link between GCs and sex hormones may exist. Understanding the nature of this possible crosstalk is important to unravel the reason of sexual disparity in AD and to carefully prescribe these drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss similarities and differences between the effects of sex hormones and GCs on the immune system, to highlight possible axes of functional interaction.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.