Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29946213›Full record

ReviewDialogues in clinical neuroscience2018

Metabolic syndrome in psychiatric patients: overview, mechanisms, and implications.

Brenda W J H Penninx, Sjors M M Lange

Open access · diamondAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Review in Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 293 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
293citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
23.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

293 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 543 citations in OpenAlex.

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  17. Big data and psychiatry: advances, constraints and future directions.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2026
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233 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Brenda W J H PenninxDepartment of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center & GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Sjors M M LangeDepartment of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center & GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
GGZ inGeest · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Psychiatric patients have a greater risk of premature mortality, predominantly due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Convincing evidence shows that psychiatric conditions are characterized by an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors including dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. This increased risk is present for a range of psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There is some evidence for a dose-response association with the severity and duration of symptoms and for a bidirectional longitudinal impact between psychiatric disorders and MetS. Associations generally seem stronger with abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia dysregulations than with hypertension. Contributing mechanisms are an unhealthy lifestyle and a poor adherence to medical regimen, which are prevalent among psychiatric patients. Specific psychotropic medications have also shown a profound impact in increasing MetS dysregulations. Finally, pleiotropy in genetic vulnerability and pathophysiological mechanisms, such as those leading to the increased central and peripheral activation of immunometabolic or endocrine systems, plays a role in both MetS and psychiatric disorder development. The excess risk of MetS and its unfavorable somatic health consequences justifies a high priority for future research, prevention, close monitoring, and treatment to reduce MetS in the vulnerable psychiatric patient.

Indexed as

Bipolar DisorderHumansMajor Depressive DisorderMental DisordersMetabolic SyndromePsychotropic DrugsRisk Reduction BehaviorSchizophreniaStress Disorders, Post-TraumaticPsychotropic Drugsabdominal obesitybipolar disordercardiovascular diseasedepressiondyslipidemiametabolic syndromereviewschizophrenia

Identifiers

PMID29946213
PMCPMC6016046
OpenAlexW2920711593

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.