ArticleLeukemia2019
Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA2 alters immune checkpoint PD-L1 expression by downregulating miR-34a in B-cell lymphomas.
Article in Leukemia, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 161 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Emerging Roles of MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Translation, Liquid Biopsy, and Precision Medicine.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Microfluidics for Blood Disorders and Hematological Disease Monitoring and Modeling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus and human MiRNAs crosstalk: orchestrating latency, lytic cycle, and immune system modulation.Folia microbiologica · 2026Review
- Long noncoding RNA ADEI/miR-93-3p/STAT3 axis promotes Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma progression and immune evasion through regulating the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Isolation of RNA and MicroRNAs from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissues (FFPE), and Cultured Cells for Subsequent Applications.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- CircRNA-mediated regulation of immune checkpoints in lymphoma: a multidimensional network perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Virus-driven remodeling of the immune microenvironment and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors: the infection- immunity-cancer crosstalk.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus-associated tumors: commonalities in pathogenesis and the tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Hit-and-run hypothesis: revisiting the impact of EBV in malignancies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The role of Epstein-Barr virus in NK/T cell lymphoproliferative disorders: molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- EBV Early Lytic Antigens, EBNA2 and PDL-1, in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Brain: A Coordinated Contribution to Viral Immune Evasion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr virus: biology, pathogenesis and therapy of lymphomas.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Viral oncogenesis in cancer: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis and infection: history, EBV, and the search for mechanism.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2025Review
- Article
- Mechanism of Action of circRNA/miRNA Network in DLBCL.Non-coding RNA · 2025Review
- [Multiple sclerosis and the Epstein-Barr Virus: Current perspectives on their pathogenic mechanisms].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2025Review
- Effect of conditioned medium from miRNA-34a transfected gastric cancer-associated fibroblast on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- ImmiR: A database of microRNAs associated with immune checkpoints and infiltrates.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer cells subvert host immune surveillance by altering immune checkpoint (IC) proteins. Some Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors have higher Programmed Cell Death Ligand, PD-L1 expression. However, it is not known how EBV alters ICs in the context of its preferred host, the B lymphocyte and in derived lymphomas. Here, we found that latency III-expressing Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) or their EBNA2-transfected derivatives express high PD-L1. In a DLBCL model, EBNA2 but not LMP1 is sufficient to induce PD-L1. Latency III-expressing DLBCL biopsies showed high levels of PD-L1. The PD-L1 targeting oncosuppressor microRNA miR-34a was downregulated in EBNA2-transfected lymphoma cells. We identified early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) as a repressor of miR-34a transcription. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of EBF1 was sufficient to induce miR-34a transcription, which in turn reduced PD-L1. MiR-34a reconstitution in EBNA2-transfected DLBCL reduced PD-L1 expression and increased its immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and in three-dimensional biomimetic microfluidic chips. Given the importance of PD-L1 inhibition in immunotherapy and miR-34a dysregulation in cancers, our findings may have important implications for combinatorial immunotherapy, which include IC inhibiting antibodies and miR-34a, for EBV-associated cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.