ArticleReproductive health2018
Availability and use of magnesium sulphate at health care facilities in two selected districts of North Karnataka, India.
Article in Reproductive health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01911494 (The CLIP), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The CLIP (Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia) Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prescribing patterns for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Pooled it
- Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in low- and middle-income countries: a review of antenatal interventions to improve maternal outcomes.Frontiers in global women's health · 2026Pooled it
- Community level interventions for pre-eclampsia (CLIP) in India: A cluster randomised controlled trial.Pregnancy hypertension · 2020Trial
- Quality of maternal and child health services in Tanzanian primary healthcare: a 2021-2022 star rating review.Reproductive health · 2025Article
- A review of clinical practice guidelines on the management of preeclampsia and nursing inspiration.International journal of nursing sciences · 2024Review
- Factors Affecting the Availability and Utilization of Essential Medicines in India: A Systematic Review.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024Review
- Influence of inventory management practices on the availability of emergency obstetric drugs in Rwandan public hospitals: a case of Rwanda Southern Province.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Article
- Factors affecting use of magnesium sulphate for pre-eclampsia or eclampsia: a qualitative evidence synthesis.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2022Review
- Health facility readiness and provider knowledge as correlates of adequate diagnosis and management of pre-eclampsia in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.BMC health services research · 2020Article
- Perception of Midwives Towards Magnesium Sulfate Use at Chatinkha Maternity Wing in Blantyre, Malawi: A Qualitative Study.International journal of women's health · 2020Article
- Translating research evidence into practice: a report from the 2Reproductive health · 2018Article
- Availability of essential medicines for maternal health in public health facilities of the Mwanza region, northwestern Tanzania.The journal of medicine accessArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPre-eclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal morbidity and mortality. Magnesium sulphate is accepted as the anticonvulsant of choice in these conditions and is present on the WHO essential medicines list and the Indian National List of Essential Medicines, 2015. Despite this, magnesium sulphate is not widely used in India for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. In addition to other factors, lack of availability may be a reason for sub-optimal usage. This study was undertaken to assess the availability and use of magnesium sulphate at public and private health care facilities in two districts of North Karnataka, India.
methodsA facility assessment survey was undertaken as part of the Community Level Interventions for Pre-eclampsia (CLIP) Feasibility Study which was undertaken prior to the CLIP Trials (NCT01911494). This study was undertaken in 12 areas of Belagavi and Bagalkote districts of North Karnataka, India and included a survey of 88 facilities. Data were collected in all facilities by interviewing the health care providers and analysed using Excel.
resultsOf the 88 facilities, 28 were public, and 60 were private. In the public facilities, magnesium sulphate was available in six out of 10 Primary Health Centres (60%), in all eight taluka (sub-district) hospitals (100%), five of eight community health centres (63%) and both district hospitals (100%). Fifty-five of 60 private facilities (92%) reported availability of magnesium sulphate. Stock outs were reported in six facilities in the preceding six months - five public and one private. Twenty-five percent weight/volume and 50% weight/volume concentration formulations were available variably across the public and private facilities. Sixty-eight facilities (77%) used the drug for severe pre-eclampsia and 12 facilities (13.6%) did not use the drug even for eclampsia. Varied dosing schedules were reported from facility to facility.
conclusionsPoor availability of magnesium sulphate was identified in many facilities, and stock outs in some. Individual differences in usage were identified. Ensuring a reliable supply of magnesium sulphate, standard formulations and recommendations of dosage schedules and training may help improve use; and decrease morbidity and mortality due to pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia.
trial registrationThe CLIP trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01911494 ).
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