ReviewImmunological reviews2018
CD4 T cells in protection from influenza virus: Viral antigen specificity and functional potential.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Using interpretable machine learning models to predict the occurrence of severe influenza in hospitalized children: a retrospective cohort study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2026Article
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- T-cell-mediated immunity to influenza A (H2N3): implications for caccine efficacy and cross-subtype protection.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Update on the Efficacy of Vaccination on Host Immunity to Influenza Virus Infection.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026Review
- Re-shaping the immune response to influenza vaccination in a host with immune memory from influenza infection.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Age-dependent immune landscapes affect influenza vaccine effectiveness and guide precision strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- T Cell Responses to Influenza Infections in Cattle.Viruses · 2025Review
- Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of an intranasal neuraminidase-based influenza vaccine with bacterial cell membrane-derived adjuvants.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Interferon-β treatment reverses the detrimental effect of B-cell depletion therapy on respiratory virus infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- Pediatric necrotizing pneumonia case report: clinical features, treatment experience, and prospects.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Swine influenza A replicon particle and live attenuated influenza virus vaccines induce differential systemic and mucosal antibody and T cell responses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Article
- An effective vaccine against influenza A virus based on the matrix protein 2 (M2).Veterinary microbiology · 2024Article
- Similar humoral responses but distinct CD4Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Influenza Virus-Derived CD8 T Cell Epitopes: Implications for the Development of Universal Influenza Vaccines.Immune network · 2024Review
- Polyanhydride nanovaccine against H3N2 influenza A virus generates mucosal resident and systemic immunity promoting protection.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Review
- Article
- Pandemic H1N1 influenza virus triggers a strong T helper cell response in human nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissues.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD4 T cells convey a number of discrete functions to protective immunity to influenza, a complexity that distinguishes this arm of adaptive immunity from B cells and CD8 T cells. Although the most well recognized function of CD4 T cells is provision of help for antibody production, CD4 T cells are important in many aspects of protective immunity. Our studies have revealed that viral antigen specificity is a key determinant of CD4 T cell function, as illustrated both by mouse models of infection and human vaccine responses, a factor whose importance is due at least in part to events in viral antigen handling. We discuss research that has provided insight into the diverse viral epitope specificity of CD4 T cells elicited after infection, how this primary response is modified as CD4 T cells home to the lung, establish memory, and after challenge with a secondary and distinct influenza virus strain. Our studies in human subjects point out the challenges facing vaccine efforts to facilitate responses to novel and avian strains of influenza, as well as strategies that enhance the ability of CD4 T cells to promote protective antibody responses to both seasonal and potentially pandemic strains of influenza.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.