ReviewJournal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)2019
Is Braak staging valid for all types of Parkinson's disease?
Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 121 citations in OpenAlex.
- "Brain-First" vs. "Body-First" PD: Definitions and Implications in Everyday Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Pooled it
- Spatial multi-omics identifies early synaptic pruning and context-specific dopaminergic vulnerability in synucleinopathies.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Advances in biomarkers for Parkinson's disease: from molecular pathology to precision diagnostics.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2026Review
- Temporal onset of non-motor symptoms and the body-first/brain-first dichotomy in Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional single center experience.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Spatial transcriptomics reveals the molecular signatures of prodromal and advanced α-synucleinopathy.iScience · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota in Parkinson's Disease: Mechanistic Insights into Microbial-Host Interactions.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- A Pathophysiological Model of Parkinson's Disease Based on Microvascular Flow Disturbance and Leukocyte-Mediated Oxidative Injury in Critical Pigmented Neuronal Niches.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Quantitative analysis of striatal subregional asymmetry onAnnals of nuclear medicine · 2026Article
- Neuropathology of Lewy body dementia: Lewy-related pathology, α-synuclein oligomers, and comorbid pathologies.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Integrating Blood Biomarkers and Marine Brown Algae-Derived Inhibitors in Parkinson's Disease: A Multi-scale Approach from Interactomics to Quantum Mechanics.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Article
- Urea cycle dysregulation drives metabolic stress and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Article
- Understanding the Pre-Clinical Stages of Parkinson's Disease: Where Are We in Clinical and Research Settings?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Comorbidity of AD and PD: Exploring Clinical, Pathological, and Biomarker Interactions.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Interplay of constipation, intestinal barrier dysfunction and fungal exposome in aetiopathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: hypothesis with supportive data.The Biochemical journal · 2025Article
- Early Motor Signs in Pathologically Verified Alzheimer's Disease and Lewy Body Disease.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2025Article
- Bradykinesia and postural instability in a model of prodromal synucleinopathy with α-synuclein aggregation initiated in the gigantocellular nuclei.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Analysis of Two Neuroanatomical Subtypes of Parkinson's Disease and Their Motor Progression Based on Semi-Supervised Machine Learning.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Associations among blood biomarkers, clinical subtypes, and prognosis in Parkinson's disease.Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders · 2025Article
- The Impact of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Its Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: Contributions to Pathogenesis and Progression.ACS omega · 2024Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Braak et al. proposed that cases with Lewy pathology in the peripheral nervous sytem, spinal cord and brain stem are prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD), suggesting a hypothesized progression of PD pathology. However, the putative potential of peripheral α-synuclein to promote brain pathology has been questioned recently. The Braak staging is a matter of vigorous debate, since < 100% of cases with Lewy pathology fitting the proposed PD staging scheme; however, most studies assessing typical PD cases show that the vast majority (80-100%) fit the Braak staging scheme. Incidental Lewy body disease and PD can show Lewy pathology in substantia nigra or other brain areas without involvement of dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The Braak staging system is valid for PD patients with young onset, long duration with motor symptoms, but not for others, e.g., late onset and rapid course PD. The validity of Braak staging and its relationship to various subtypes of PD warrants further studies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.